Test Bank Unit 2: Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing 6th Edition Linda S. Williams Paula D. Hopper ||Chapter 6 - 13
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Course
Medical Surgical Nursing
Institution
Medical Surgical Nursing
Test Bank Unit 2: Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing
6th Edition Linda S. Williams Paula D. Hopper
Chapter 6. Nursing Care of Patients With Flu
trolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances
Chapter 6. Nursing Care of Patients With Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances
Multiple Choice
Iden...
Test Bank Unit 2: Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing
6th Edition Linda S. Williams Paula D. Hopper
Chapter 6. Nursing Care of Patients With Flu
trolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances
Chapter 6. Nursing Care of Patients With Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A patient is prescribed an electrolyte replacement. How should the nurse explain the pu
electrolyte to the patient?
a. Any substance that enhances a chemical reaction
b. A chemical that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water
c. A substance that uses electrical current to attach to receptor sites
d. A substance secreted by a gland and carries messages to target tissues
2. A student nurse is reviewing the use of intravenous (IV) fluids for a school paper. Which
should the student use to explain the process of diffusion?
a. The expenditure of energy to transport a solute
b. The movement of solute and water caused by hydrostatic pressure differences
c. Movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lesser concentratio
d. Movement of water from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration
3. The nurse is preparing to provide a patient with an IV fluid that has a lower osmolarity t
Which type of fluid should the nurse document that the patient is going to receive?
a. Isotonic
b. Hypotonic
c. Hypertonic
d. Hydrophobic
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5. An older patient with a colostomy was admitted for weakness, nausea, vomiting, and loo
Which action should the nurse take first to determine the effectiveness of this patient’s care?
a. Weigh the patient.
b. Measure urine specific gravity.
c. Check a pulse oximetry reading.
d. Determine the creatinine clearance.
6. An older adult with gastroenteritis is disoriented and weak and has the following labora
Hct 56% (normal 40% to 51%)
BUN 32 mg/dL (normal 6 mg/dL to 20 mg/dL)
Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse select for this patient?
a. Risk for injury
b. Excess fluid volume
c. Deficient fluid volume
d. Impaired skin integrity
7. A patient with hypertension is placed on a low-sodium diet. The nurse recognizes that fu
is necessary if the patient chooses which menu?
a. Pork chop, steamed brown rice, and fruit cocktail
b. Broiled salmon, mashed sweet potato, broccoli, and pumpkin pie
c. Tomato soup, grilled cheese sandwich, salad, and chocolate chip cookie
d. Grilled chicken, boiled potatoes, frozen green beans, and gelatin dessert
8. An older adult patient has an IV infusion of 0.45% normal saline infusing at 150 mL/hr. W
ment finding should cause the nurse to be most concerned?
a. Tenderness at the IV site
b. Capillary refill is <3 seconds
c. Urine specific gravity is 1.018
d. Newly noted crackles in the lungs
9. A patient with a history of renal failure is admitted to the hospital because of decreasing
and a potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse teach the patient to avoid?
a. Gelatin
b. Potatoes
c. Zucchini
d. White bread
10. A patient is diagnosed with an abnormal potassium level. Which complication should t
for in this patient?
a. Cardiac arrest
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Which symptom should the nurse expect to find during the assessment?
a. Dyspnea and crackles in the lungs
b. Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
c. Bounding pulse and increased blood pressure
d. Furrows of the tongue and sticky mucous membranes
12. A patient with severe diarrhea has a potassium imbalance. Which symptoms should th
the patient to demonstration because of this imbalance?
a. Shallow respirations, lethargy, nausea
b. Pitting edema, confusion, bounding pulse
c. Apathy, weakness, positive Chvostek’s sign
d. Kussmaul’s breathing, thirst, furrowed tongue
13. A patient with acute abdominal pain has a serum potassium level of 2 mEq/L. What sh
do first?
a. Call the physician STAT.
b. Administer a Kayexalate enema.
c. Document the result on the chart.
d. Notify the physician during morning rounds.
14. The nurse is preparing diet teaching for a female patient who is postmenopausal, weig
is 5 feet 1 inch tall. Which food should the nurse encourage the patient consume?
a. Red meat
b. Fresh fruits
c. Whole grains
d. Dairy products
15. A patient develops an irregular heart rate, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea after a th
Which emergency medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this patient?
a. Furosemide (Lasix)
b. Calcium gluconate
c. Potassium chloride
d. Diazepam (Valium)
16. The nurse is testing a patient for the presence of Trousseau’s sign. Which patient respo
nurse recognize as a positive result?
a. Weakness of the arm
b. Pain in the arm and hand
c. Spasticity of the arm and fingers
d. Redness of the arm below the cuff
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18. While assessing an older adult patient with fluid excess, the nurse notes the following:
92, R = 18, BP = 166/88 mm Hg, bilateral crackles, oxygen saturation = 95%. Which action shoul
first?
a. Provide oxygen at 2 L per nasal cannula.
b. Place the patient in a high Fowler’s position.
c. Provide a urinal and encourage the patient to void.
d. Lay the patient flat in bed to listen to bowel sounds.
19. A patient is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which electrolyte should the nurse monitor
cause of this medication?
a. Calcium
b. Potassium
c. Phosphate
d. Magnesium
20. An older patient is admitted for treatment of fluid volume excess. For which serious re
cation of fluid volume excess should the nurse assess this patient?
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Pulmonary infarction
c. Pulmonary fibrosis
d. Pulmonary embolism
21. The nurse is caring for a patient who is being treating for fluid volume excess. Which as
ing indicates that treatment has been effective?
a. Respiratory rate 24/min
b. Output 1500 mL in 24 hours
c. Blood pressure 132/80 mm Hg
d. Weight loss of 5 lb in 24 hours
22. The nurse learns that a patient’s serum pH is less than 6.35. The nurse should plan car
the following health problems?
a. Acidosis
b. Alkalosis
c. Fluid volume excess
d. Fluid volume deficit
23. A patient is hypoventilating and retaining carbon dioxide. On which acid-base imbalanc
nurse focus when caring for this patient?
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
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