Pharmacology Nur 3145 Diuretic &
Pharmacotherapy of Renal Failure Exam
#3 Questions With Complete Solutions
**Name an important drug interaction of hydrochlorothiazide.
Correct Answers **Digitalis - Digoxin Toxicity.**
Hypokalemia increases risk of digoxin toxicity.
**Name the three primary adverse effects r/t diuretics.**
Correct Answers Electrolyte Imbalance
Dehydration
Hypotension
**What are the three indicators for use of osmotic diuretics?**
Correct Answers **1) Increased Intracranial pressure**
2) Increased intraocular pressure
3) Renal failure
(Hint: OsmOtic has 2 letter O's = shape of an eye, and
head/brain)
1) Do osmotic diuretics increase or decrease
osmolality?
2) Does this increase or decrease osmotic pressure? Correct
Answers 1) Osmotic diuretics increase osmolality.
2) This also increases osmotic pressure; with increased
osmotic pressure, water shifts compartments
,1) What is the prototype drug for potassium-sparing diuretics?
2) What is it indicated for, and why? Correct Answers 1)
Spironolactone (aldactone)
2) Only mild HTN; its not the most effective diuretic and can't
treat severe HTN alone.
Likely to be used in combination with other diuretics.
A patient is ordered IV furosemide (Lasix). The nurse
administers this drug over how many minutes?
a) 1 to 2
b) 2 to 4
c) 4 to 5
d) 5 to 7 Correct Answers b) 2 to 4
IV furosemide should be administered slowly over 2 to 4
minutes. Bumetanide (Bumex), not furosemide (Lasix), is
administered intravenously over 1 to 2 minutes. IV furosemide
is not administered over 4 to 5 minutes or over 5 to 7 minutes.
A patient is prescribed amiloride (Midamor). The nurse
monitors the patient for which adverse effect?
a) Anorexia
b) Constipation
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Hyperkalemia Correct Answers d) Hyperkalemia
Amiloride is a potassium sparing diuretic, and hyperkalemia is
most likely to occur with its use. Anorexia is not an adverse
, effect of amiloride. Diarrhea, not constipation, is an adverse
effect of amiloride. Hyperglycemia is an adverse effect of
thiazide and sulfonamide type loop diuretics.
A patient who is being treated for ascites resulting from liver
disease is admitted. Which medication does the nurse anticipate
will be ordered for this patient?
a) Acetazolamide (Diamox)
b) Spironolactone (Aldactone)
c) Furosemide (Lasix)
d) Mannitol (Osmitrol) Correct Answers b) Spironolactone
Spironolactone is effective in reducing ascites caused by liver
disease. It is a potassium sparing diuretic that blocks the sodium
retaining and potassium and magnesium excreting properties of
aldosterone, resulting in a loss of water with an increase in
sodium excretion. Acetazolamide reduces intraocular pressure in
glaucoma and reduces seizure activity in patients with certain
types of epilepsy. Furosemide may be used to treat
hypercalcemia. Mannitol reduces cerebral edema.
Adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
(Hint: there are two) Correct Answers Hypokalemia (suprise)
& Metabolic acidosis (opposite of loop diuretics)
Adverse Effects of Spironolactone (aldactone) include...?
(There is a long list, name as many as possible.) Correct
Answers Muscle weakness/Flaccid paralysis
(extreme weakness of muscles and loss of muscle tone)
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