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Psyc 396 Child development -oca terminology
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Psyc 396 Child development -oca terminology Psyc 396 Child development -oca terminology Psyc 396 Child development -oca terminology
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Psyc 396 Child development -oca terminologydevelopmental psychology - ANS the discipline that studies the physical, cognitive, social, and
emotional development of humans
behaviorism - ANS watson's view that science must study observable behavior only and investigate
relationships between stimuli and responses
maturation - ANS the unfolding of genetically determined traits, structures, and functions
psychosexual development - ANS the process by which libidinal energy is expressed through different
erogenous zones during different stages of development
stage theory - ANS a theory of development characterized by distinct periods of life
psychosocial development - ANS erikson's theory, which emphasizes the importance of social
relationships and conscious choice throughout eight stages of development
life crisis - ANS an internal conflict that attends each stage of psychosocial development
identity crisis - ANS according to erikson, a period of inner conflict during which one examines one's
values and makes decisions about one's life roles
classical conditioning - ANS a simple form of learning in which one stimulus comes to bring forth the
response usually brought forth by a second stimulus by being paired repeatedly with the second
stimulus
operant conditioning - ANS a simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in
behavior that is reinforced
reinforcement - ANS the process of providing stimuli following responses that increase the frequency
of the responses
positive reinforcer - ANS a reinforcer that, when applied, increases the frequency of a response
, negative reinforcer - ANS a reinforcer that, when removed, increases the frequency of a response
extinction - ANS the cessation of a response that is performed in the absence of reinforcement
social cognitive theory - ANS a cognitively oriented learning theory that emphasizes observational
learning
cognitive-developmental theory - ANS the stage theory that holds that the child's abilities to
mentally represent the world and solve problems unfold as a result of the interaction of experience
and the maturation of neurological structures
scheme - ANS an action pattern or mental structure that is involved in the acquisition and
organization of knowledge
adaptation - ANS the interaction between the organism and the environment, consisting of
assimilation and accommodation
assimilation - ANS the incorporation of new events or knowledge into existing schemes
accommodation - ANS the modification of existing schemes to permit the incorporation of new
events or knowledge
equilibration - ANS the creation of an equilibrium, or balance, between assimilation and
accommodation
ethology - ANS the study of behaviors that are specific to a species
evolutionary psychology - ANS the branch of psychology that deals with the ways in which humans'
historical adaptations to the environment influence behavior and mental processes, with special
focus on aggressive behavior and mating strategies
fixed action pattern (FAP) - ANS a stereotyped pattern of behavior that is evoked by a "releasing
stimulus"; an instinct
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