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UTMB PATHO Infection test questions and answers(100- accuracy).
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UTMB PATHO Infection test questions and answers(100- accuracy).
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UTMB PATHO: Infection testquestions and answers(100%
accuracy)
define infection - answer The presence, multiplication, and subsequent
injury within a host by another living organism.
define infectious disease - answer the process of sustaining injury or
pathologic damage in response to an infection. Severity can range from
mild to life-threatening
what is colonization? - answer the act of establishing a presence in a
host.
Describe factors that influence risk for infection, including immune
system dysfunction - answer Source: Who, what, where, when
Portal of entry:
◦Transmission in direct proportion to pathogen quantity
◦Penetration, direct contact, ingestion, inhalation
Immune competence:
◦Intact immune system
Cite environmental variables that influence bacterial growth. - answer
Humidity-growth higher in higher humidity
Biofilm- structured community of bacteria that grows on surfaces
Oxygenation- anaerobic vs aerobic as well as facultatively anaerobic
, Adaptability
Growth parameters of bacteria determined by .... - answer nutrition,
temperature, light, humidity, atmosphere
What are the 4 mechanisms of disease production? - answer Toxins,
adhesion factors, evasion factors, invasion factors
How are toxins a mechanism of disease production? - answer They can
alter or destroy the normal function of host cells; mostly produced by
bacteria; cause certain characteristic symptoms of disease
How are adhesion factors a mechanism of disease production? - answer
They give microorganisms the ability to attach and colonize host
How are evasion factors a mechanism of disease production? - answer
They give microorganisms the ability to evade the host's immune system
How are invasion a mechanism of disease production? - answer They give
microorganisms the ability to invade the anatomic barriers and host tissue
Define the terms endotoxin and exotoxin and explain the clinical
significance of each - answer -Endotoxins: lipopolysaccharides in gram
negative bacteria that can lead to septic shock, DIC, acute respiratory
distress syndrome
-Exotoxins: proteins released from bacteria during cell growth that
inactivate or change important host cell structure/function. they can lead
to cell death (ex. cholera causing diarrhea)
Describe methods of direct and indirect transmission of pathogenic
microorganisms. - answer Direct: Physical contact between infected
individual (including bodily fluids) and susceptible individual; can be
classified as horizontal (sexual contact) or vertical (congenital)
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