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UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL exam 2024/25with 100% correct answers
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UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL exam 2024/25with 100% correct answers
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UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL exam 2024/25with100% correct answers
When was the major migration out of Africa? - <<ANSWER>>-60ka
-modern humans replaced the Neanderthals and robust hominids across the world
When did modern humans evolve? - <<ANSWER>>200,000 years ago
modern Homo sapien derived characteristics: - <<ANSWER>>-small, flat face with
portruding chin
-rounded skull
-cranial capacity of at least 1,350cc
-less robust post-cranial skeleton
-relatively long limbs and shorter trunks
why was the modern human less robust? - <<ANSWER>>-relied more on elaborate
tools and technological advancements, less on body strength
how does modern human behavior compare to that of early hominins? - <<ANSWER>>-
much more complex and variable
-vast array of specialized tools and techniques to adapt to diverse environments
-elaborate and varied symbolic, artistic, and religious behavior
-due to large geographic range
-ability to accumulate and transmit over successive generations
smoke detector principle - <<ANSWER>>-ratio of cost of false positives vs cost of false
negatives is generally more asymmetrical for info about hazards
-evolved culture-acquisition mechanism should make people more credulous toward
info about hazards than info about benefits
Compared to info regarding benefits, info regarding hazards should be: -
<<ANSWER>>-more salient
-better recalled
-more readily believed
-relatedly: more avidly transmitted
, Relationship between individual psychology and cultural evolution - <<ANSWER>>-over
time, cultures should contain more info regarding hazards than regarding benefits
Human Behavioral Ecology - <<ANSWER>>-examines how ecological and social
factors influence and shape behavioral flexibility within and between populations
HBE conclusions: - <<ANSWER>>-behavior is the result of complex interactions
between biology and environment
-assumes behavior is quite flexible
-behavior is context-dependent (a good strategy in one place/condition might be a bad
one in another)
The more complex the socioecological environment... - <<ANSWER>>...the more
behavioral alternatives there are
Not rigid determinism, but... - <<ANSWER>>..flexible behavioral response (within limits)
How does Human Behavioral Ecology differ from Evolutionary Psychology? -
<<ANSWER>>-HBE is more interested in the selective forces that shape particular
behaviors rather than the mechanisms underlying them
-focuses more on observed real-world behavior and physiology, less on experiments to
discover the mechanisms
Resource acquisition - <<ANSWER>>-how to choose which resources to acquire?
-how these strategies differ according to sex, age, status, etc?
-what is the benefit of acquiring a resource?
Optimal Foraging Theory - <<ANSWER>>-requires cost-benefit analysis
-assumption that organisms will have in ways that increase their fitness
OFT Benefits: - <<ANSWER>>-meat
OFT Costs: - <<ANSWER>>-butchery and cooking
-stalking and chasing the animal
-opportunity costs: gardening, child-care, hunting other prey
-make and replace tools for the hunt
Patch Choice Model Question - <<ANSWER>>How long should a forager remain in a
patch once they have chosen to exploit it?
Patch Choice Model 3 Scenarios: - <<ANSWER>>1) Energy acquired increases linearly
with time in patch (no depletion)
2) Energy gain is constant until patch is completely depleted then drops to zero
3) Diminishing returns as time in patch increases
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