Honors Biology Semester 2 Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Course
Honors Biology
Institution
Honors Biology
Honors Biology Semester 2 Final Exam
Study Guide with Complete Solutions
Glycolysis - Answer️️ -Splitting of glucose into 2 pyruvate, no oxygen required, occurs
in the cytoplasm. Yields 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle - Answer️️ -Starts with 2 pyruvate, ends with CO2 and high energy
electrons (NADH ...
Helicase - Answer✔️✔️-are enzymes that bind nucleic acid protein complexes. _______
are essential during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into
single strands allowing each strand to be copied.
Primase - Answer✔️✔️-is an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called
primers. These primers serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis.
Ligase - Answer✔️✔️-an enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by
catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.
Okazaki fragments - Answer✔️✔️-are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are
formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication. They are complementary
to the lagging strand, together forming short double-stranded DNA sections.
DNA Polymerase - Answer✔️✔️-are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling
nucleotides. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs
to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule
Interphase (mitosis) - Answer✔️✔️-Cell is usually in this phase. This phase is the period
of growth. At the end of this phase, DNA is replicated. Nucleolus is present and the
nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus. Daughter centrioles begin to form.
Prophase (mitosis) - Answer✔️✔️-Centrioles begin to move to opposite sides of the cell,
and the nuclear membrane begins to dissolve. DNA condenses into short, thick rods
called chromatids (pairs)
2 chromatids held together by a centromere. Spindle fibers appear and the nuclear
membrane and nucleolus are gone.
Metaphase (mitosis) - Answer✔️✔️-Chromatid pairs line up in the middle of the cell
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