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PCCN 2024 EXAM | CORRECTLY ANSWERED AND RATED A+
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PCCN 2024 EXAM | CORRECTLY ANSWERED AND RATED A+ PCCN 2024 EXAM | CORRECTLY ANSWERED AND RATED A+ PCCN 2024 EXAM | CORRECTLY ANSWERED AND RATED A+
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PCCN 2024 EXAM | CORRECTLYANSWERED AND RATED A+
What are risk factors for pe?
- correct answer - trauma (especially long bone, pelvic, and
spine fractures),
Recent surgery,
Advanced age,
Oral contraceptives,
Obesity,
Cancer,
Prolonged immobility,
Sickle cell anemia,
History of DVT or pe
What does ABG for patient with pe show? - correct answer -
hypoxia and hypocarbia
Low oxygen levels BC blood cant get to alveoli to take part in gas
exchange and low co2 levels bc they are tachypneic trying to
compensate
What can massive pe lead to? - correct answer - obstructive
shock
,What can pe lead to? - correct answer - r sided hf, r sided infarct
What are some complications of untreated OSA? - correct
answer - HTN, r sided hf, arrhythmias (ventricular and atrial), cad,
stroke
What is respiratory failure? - correct answer - system cannot
perform one or both of its main functions: -oxygenation
-removal of co2
What ABG abnormality is respiratory failure characterized by? -
correct answer - hypoxemia: pao2<55
Hypercarbia: pco2>50
What is the most common cause of ARDS? - correct answer -
sepsis
What is ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)? - correct
answer - syndrome of acute respiratory failure characterized by
non-cardiac pulmonary edema and manifested by refractory
hypoxemia caused by intrapulmonary shunting
Involves both lungs, sudden onset
Inflammatory process
,What is the patho of ards? - correct answer - injury to alveolar-
capillary membrane -> inflammatory release of mediators that
cause complex reaction of tissue edema, movement of fluid to
alveolar spaces, production of clot formation in the pulmonary
vessels-> results in fluid in teh alveolar space and obstructed
blood flow -> decreased ventilation and decreased perfusion
What are causes of ARDS? - correct answer - direct injury:
pulmonary contusion, aspiration, near-drowning, toxic vapor
inhalation, severe pneumonia, fat embolus, radiation
Indirect injury: sepsis, shock, non-thoracic trauma,
cardiopulmonary bypass, pancreatitis, multiple blood transfusions
What are first clues of ARDS? - correct answer - tachypnea,
progressive hypoxemia, acute onset
What do you see on cxr with ARDS? - correct answer - ground
glass opacities, white out
Treatment for ARDS: - correct answer - intubate, use low tidal
volumes, permissive with high co2, use peep to pop alveoli open
and pushes fluid out of alveoli back into interstitial
Three types of non-small cell lung cancer: - correct answer -
adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
, What is a pneumonectomy? - correct answer - removal of entire
lung
What is a vital nursing intervention after thoracic surgery? -
correct answer - pain control so patient can take deep breaths
Encourage is
Where does lung ca mets to? - correct answer - brain
Where does breast ca mets to? - correct answer - bone, lungs
Where does sarcoma mets to? - correct answer - lungs
Where does colorectal ca mets to? - correct answer - liver, lung
Where does testicular ca mets to? - correct answer - liver, lung
Where does prostate ca mets to? - correct answer - bone, lung,
liver
S/s of r heart failure - correct answer - ble edema, jvd,
engorgement of liver, ascites
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