IAF Exam 2 Study Guide with Complete
Solutions
Wars of Aggression - Answer️️ --An unprovoked military attack by one state on
another.
-Tensions between states that produce arms races, militarized interstate disputes, and
war.
-Taboo under today's national law.
Wars of Self-Defense - Answ...
-The anarchical nature of the system: no regularized and effective process of law
creation, enforcement, or adjudication; "self-help" nature of the system means that
states are ultimately responsible for their own survival and security
Offensive v Defensive realism - Answer✔️✔️--Offensive realism: anarchy rewards the
inherently aggressive tendencies of states and their leaders, who capitalize on it and
purposefully choose war.
-Defensive realism: states and their leaders typically do not choose war.
Global Trends in Armed Conflict - Answer✔️✔️--Estimates point to the occurrence of at
least 14,000 wars throughout recorded history.
-Armed conflict of all types increased by a factor of three during the period 1960-1992.
-The end of the bipolar rivalry of the Cold War helped bring about resolution of
numerous long-standing civil conflicts.
-Democratic transitions in the former Soviet bloc
5.
-Since 1990, there have been only six instances of direct wars between states:
a) Gulf War (1990-1991) and its aftermath
b) Eritrea-Ethiopia (1998-2000)
c) India-Pakistan (1997-2003; 2014)
d) Iraq versus the United States and its allies (2003)
e) Djibouti-Eritrea (2008)
f) Russia-Ukraine (2014-2017)
Old Wars - Answer✔️✔️--fought by and through the state and its organized, professional,
standing armies in pursuit of the national interest.
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