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BCA2B02-Problem Solving Using C
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9/18/24, 2:20 BCA2B02-Problem SolvingPM Using C
1
BCA2B02-PROBLEM SOLVING USING
C
MODULE-1
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
A computer language is used to make a computer understand
what the
user wants to say. When a user writes a program,
programmer uses
programming language.
A program, written in a programming language, is a set of
instructions by which the computer comes to know what is to be
done. It is a coding language used by a programmer to write the
instructions that a computer can understand.
Programming Languages
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High-Level Languages
It uses English-like languages. High –Level languages are
converted into machine level language using a converting software
(Translator) called COMPILER or INTERPRETER. It is a computer
programming language that does not requires great efforts from the
programmer. It is close to the users.
Eg: FORTRAN, COBOL, C , C++,PYTHON,JAVA etc…
Machine Language
Machine language consisting of 0s and 1s.The computer
understands only
0’s and 1’s . It is a low level language and is more machine
friendly. TRANSLATORS
A translator is a computer program that can instantly translate
between any languages. It converts program language to machine
language. There are 3 types of translators.
o COMPILER
o INTERPRETER
o ASSEMBLER
Compiler
It converts high-level language to machine language (0s&1s). The
compiler checks for syntax errors in a source code of a program. If no
error is found, the compiler translates the code into binary format.
The compiler reads the whole programs and then translates it into
machine language.
Interpreter
Interpreter translates high-level language to low-level machine
language. An
interpreter read the statement and int an intermediate code
converts it o and
executes it, before reading the next statement. It translates each
instruction one by one.
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HISTORY OF C
C is a High-level , structured, machine independent
programming
language. In 1972 , the “Traditional C” language was developed by
Dennis
Ritche. It allows software developers to develop programs
without worrying about the machine type instruction. It allows so
many facilities to programmers. By the use of C language, the
calculation process became easy.
IMPORTANCE OF C
1. Robust Language
2. Efficient and Fast
3. Built-in Functions
4. Portable
5. Structured Programming
6. Extend
itself Robust
Language
C is a strong high-level programming language. So it is known as
robust
languages. Its rich set of built-in functions and operators can be used
to write any complex program. C compiler translates the High level
language to Low-level language (Machine language).
Efficient and Fast
Programs written in C are fast and efficient. This is due to verity of
data type and powerful operators. It is many faster than other
programming languages like BASIC, COBOL etc.
Built-in Functions
Several standard functions are available in C library. C contains
32 strong keywords and its strength lies in its built-in function.
Portable
This means that programs written for one computer can be run
on another without any modification.
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Structured Programming
The entire program can be divided into function blocks or modules. A
proper
collection of these modules would make a complete program. This
modular
structure makes program debugging, testing and maintenance easier.
Debugging: The process of identifying and removing errors (mistakes)
from program
Testing: The process of executing a program with the intent of finding
errors.
Maintenance: The process of modifying a program after completing the
given program
Extend Itself
A C program is basically a collection of functions that are supported by
C library. We can continuously add our own functions to C library. So
the programming task much easier.
C LIBRARY
It is just like a standard library. But here hold functions rather than books.
So many
built-in functions are available in C library. We can include desired
functions to
our C program by calling the specified function with its header file.
STRUCTURE OF C PROGRAM
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration
Section main()
Function Section
{
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