Gas Exchange / Oxygenation / Perfusion - NSG170 PVCC Exam 2 Study Guide

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Gas Exchange / Oxygenation / Perfusion
- NSG170 PVCC Exam 2 Study Guide

Describe the basic principles of gas exchange: - Answer✔️✔️-During gas exchange:


- oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream.

- carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs.

- This happens in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels

called capillaries

Hypercarbia (hypercapnia) - Answer✔️✔️-excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Hypoxemia - Answer✔️✔️-deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

Hypoxia - Answer✔️✔️-deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues

Identify risk factors related to altered gas exchange. - Answer✔️✔️--Smoking: This can

affect the lungs capacity and could cause COPD or other diseases.

-High Altitudes: This can affect ventilation due to unavailability of oxygen

-Anemia: Affects the transport of oxygen from hemoglobin due to decreased

hemoglobin.

-COPD: Increases mucus production and fluid accumulation in airways.

-Asthma: Causes narrowed airways

-Chronic Bronchitis or Cystic Fibrosis: This causes obstruction

-Pneumonia, Pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome: These cause

poor gas diffusion in the alveoli.

,TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
-Allergens

-Environmental Exposure

Plan prevention strategies for alterations in gas exchange. - Answer✔️✔️-Preventing

infection can help reduce the risk of diseases that affect gas exchange ( Pneumonia,

Bronchitis)

Smoking cessation can help reduce the risk of developing diseases that affect gas

exchange (COPD, Lung Cancer).

Immunizations can help reduce the risk of getting viral infections that can decrease gas

exchange (Influenza, Pneumonia, measles, and pertussis).

Preventing postoperative complications can help with proper gas exchange by ignoring

it the patient is at risk for atelectasis or aspiration pneumonia.

Identify assessment data including diagnostic and laboratory tests to determine an

individual's gas exchange status. - Answer✔️✔️-(CT) scan

Pulse oximetry

Arterial blood gas (ABG)—general review

Complete blood count (CBC)

Allergen testing

Anemia labs: Iron, Folate, Vitamin B6 and B12

How does a CT scan help for gas exchange status? - Answer✔️✔️-CT can identify key

morphological features, including:

- emphysema,

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- bronchial wall thickening

- gas trapping.

These pathologies contribute directly to airflow obstruction and, therefore, CT has the

potential to provide vital insights into the underlying pathophysiological changes of

COPD.

How does a Pulse oximetry help for gas exchange status? - Answer✔️✔️-Pulse oximetry

is a test used to measure the oxygen level (oxygen saturation) of the blood

How does a Arterial blood gas (ABG) help for gas exchange status? - Answer✔️✔️-

Arterial blood gas tests measure the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

to help see how well your lungs are working

Guaifenesin is what type of med? that works by? - Answer✔️✔️-Expectorants,

Antitussives



Expectorant / non-narcotic antitussive combinations are used to treat cough. They work

by breaking up mucus in the lungs and helping the user cough up the mucus to remove

it from the lungs.

Fluticasone is what type of med? that works by? - Answer✔️✔️-Corticosteroids



Fluticasone nasal spray is used to treat sneezing, itchy or runny nose, or other

symptoms caused by hay fever. It is also used to treat nasal polyps in adults. This is a