NUR 214 Chapter 1 Mental Health and Mental Illness Review Questions and Answers
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Course
NUR 214
Institution
NUR 214
Physiological needs (Maslow) basic fundamental needs, including food, water, air, sleep, exercise, elimination, shelter, and sexual expression
Safety and security (Maslow) needs at this level are for avoiding harm, maintaining comfort, order, structure, physical safety, freedom from fear, and prot...
NUR 214 Chapter 1 Mental Health and
Mental Illness Review Questions and
Answers
Physiological needs (Maslow) ✅basic fundamental needs, including food, water, air,
sleep, exercise, elimination, shelter, and sexual expression
Safety and security (Maslow) ✅needs at this level are for avoiding harm, maintaining
comfort, order, structure, physical safety, freedom from fear, and protection
Love and belonging (Maslow) ✅needs are for giving and receiving of affection,
companionship, satisfactory interpersonal relationships, and identification with a group
Self-esteem/esteem of others (Maslow) ✅the individual seeks self-respect and respect
from others, works to achieve success and recognition in work, and desires prestige
from accomplishments
Self actualization (Maslow) ✅the individual possesses a feeling of self-fulfillment and
the realization of his or her highest potential
Mental health ✅the successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external
environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age appropriate
and congruent with local and cultural norms
Mental illness ✅maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external
environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with
the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individual's social, occupational,
and/or physical functioning
Cultural influences that affect how individuals view mental illness ✅incomprehensibility
and cultural relativity
Incomprehensibility ✅relates to the inability of the general population to understand the
motivation behind the behavior - when observers are unable to find the meaning or
comprehensibility in a behavior, they are likely to label that behavior as a mental illness
Cultural relativity ✅considers that the rules, conventions, and understanding about
behavior are conceived within an individual's own particular culture - behavior is
categorized as normal or abnormal
Stress ✅the state manifested by a specific syndrome which consists of all the
nonspecifically induced changes within a biologic system
, Fight or flight syndrome ✅a syndrome of physical symptoms that results from an
individual's real or perceived notion that harm or danger is imminent
Alarm reaction stage (general adaption syndrome) ✅the responses of the fight or flight
syndrome are initiated
Stage of resistance (general adaptation syndrome) ✅the individual uses the
physiological responses of the first stage as a defense in an attempt to adapt to the
stressor - if adaptation occurs, the third stage is prevented or delayed - physiological
symptoms may disappear
Stage of exhaustion (general adaptation syndrome) ✅this stage occurs when there is a
prolonged exposure to the stressor to which the body has become adjusted - the
adaptive energy is depleted, and the individual can no longer draw from the resources
for adaptation described in the first two stages (diseases of adaptation: headaches,
mental disorders, CAD, ulcers, colitis)
The immediate response (biological response associated with fight or flight syndrome)
✅- norepinephrine and epinephrine released
- pupils dilate
- secretion from tear glands increased
- RR, HR, and BP increased
- slow digestion (decreased GI motility)
- sweating
- hair erection
The sustained response (biological response associated with fight or flight syndrome)
✅the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release hormones
- glucocorticoids causing a retention of sodium and water and decreased immune and
inflammatory response
- vasopressin (ADH) causing fluid retention and increased BP
- GH causing increased glucose
- thyrotropic causing increased metabolism
- gonadotropins causing decreased libido and impotence (ED)
Anxiety and grief ✅the two primary responses to stress
Anxiety ✅a feeling of discomfort and apprehension related to fear of impending danger
- the individual may be unaware of this and is associated with feelings of uncertainty
and helplessness
Mild anxiety ✅this level of anxiety is seldom a problem for the individual - it is
associated with the tension experienced in response to the events of day to day living -
it prepares people for action and sharpens the senses, increases motivation for
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