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Samenvatting H4 Elektrische systemen
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Samenvatting van natuurkundeboek Nova.
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Natuurkunde - H4 Elektrische systemen1 Spanning, stroomsterkte en vermogen
Theorie
Kortsluiting: polen van een spanningsbron verbinden direct met elkaar, de ladingen geven dan al hun
energie aan de stroomdraad af
1 elektron = 1,6 ∙ 10−19 C
Formules
- I=Q/t
I = stroomsterkte in ampere (A)
Q = lading in coulomb (C)
t = tijd waarin Q voorbij komt in seconde (s)
- U = ∆E / Q
U = spanning in volt (V)
∆ E = verschil in enrgie tussen 2 punten in joule (J)
- P=U∙I
P = vermogen in watt (W)
1000 watt = 1 kW
2 Weerstand en geleidbaarheid
Theorie
Weerstand: grootheid die aangeeft hoeveel stroom er gaat lopen bij een bepaalde spanning
- Geleidbaarheid is hetzelfde
Ohmse weerstand: R is constant
- Altijd recht evenredig bij grafieken
Niet-Ohmse weerstand: R is niet constant
- Nooit recht evenredig bij grafieken
Formules
- R=U/I
R = weerstand in ohm (Ω)
- G = I /U of G = 1 / R
G = geleidbaarheid in siemens (S)
3 Weerstand van een draad
Formules
- R = ρ ∙ ( l / A)
ρ = dichtheid / soortelijke weerstand van de draad in ohm (Ω)
l = lengte van de draad in meter (m)
A = doorsnede van de draad in vierkante meter (m 2)
4 De wetten van Kirchhoff
Theorie
Wetten van Kirchhoff:
1. Er loopt evenveel stroom naar elk punt in de schakeling toe als ervandaan
2. Als de stroomroute zowel begint en eindigt bij een bepaald beginpunt, dan is de totale spanning
gelijk aan 0V
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