PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MODULE 8 QUIZ (PRACTICE
PROBLEMS) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
DescribeBtheBlocationBofBtheBhilusBandBitsBsignificance.B-
BANSWERBTheBhilusBisBaBconcaveBcleft,BandBitBisBatBthisBpointBwhereBtheBureters,BbloodBvessels,BandBnervesB
enterBtheBkidney.
DescribeBtheBfunctionsBofBtheBnephron.B-
BANSWERB1.BcontrolBtheBconcentrationBofBwaterBandBsolubleBmaterialsBbyBfilteringBtheBblood
2.BreabsorbingBneededBmaterialsBandBexcretingBwasteBproductsBasBurine
3.BregulateBbloodBpressureBandBbloodBvolume
4.BregulateBpHBandBelectrolytes
NameBtheBstructuresBofBtheBnephronBandBdescribeBtheirBindividualBfunctions.B-
BANSWERBAfferentBarteriole:BbringsBbloodBtoBglomerulus
glomerulus:BcapillaryBbed,BcapillariesBcontainBporesBthatBallowBwater,Bglucose,BaminoBacids,BandBnitrogen
ousBwastesBtoBflowBintoBBowman'sBcapsule,BbutBkeepsBRBCsBandBproteinsBinBtheBcapillaries.
Bowman'sBcapsule:BholdBfiltrate,BwhichBgetsBdirectedBtoBproximalBconvolutedBtubule
ProximalBconvolutedBtubule:BreabsorbsBNa,BCl,BHCO3,BK,BH2O,Bglucose,BaminoBacids.BsecretesBH+,BorganicB
acidsBandBbases.
DescendingBloopBofBHenle:BreabsorbsBwater
AscendingBloopBofBHenle:BreabsorbBNa,BCl,BK,BCa,BHCO3-,BMg.BsecretesBH+
distalBconvolutedBtubule:BreabsorbsBNa,BCl,BCa,BMg,BK,BHCO3-,BwaterB(viaBADHBaction)
vasaBrecta:BperitubularBcapillaryBbedBalongBloopBofBHenle
collectingBduct:BreceivesBfiltrateBfromBdistalBconvolutedBtubule,BfiltrateBflowsBtowardsBrenalBpelvis,BtoBuret
ersBtoBbeBexcreted.
CompareBandBcontrastBtheBrenalBcortexBandBrenalBmedulla.BDiscussBtheBstructuresBfoundBinBeach.B-
BANSWERBRenalBcortex:BMoreBsuperficialBportionBofBkidney,BliesBjustBbelowBrenalBmembrane,BcontainsBthe
BglomerulusBandBBowman'sBcapsule,BproximalBconvolutedBtubuleBandBdistalBconvolutedBtubuleBportionBofB
nephrons.
, RenalBmedulla:BdeeperBportionBofBkidney,BbeneathBtheBrenalBcortex.BContainsBloopBofBHenleBportionsBofBn
ephronsBandBcollectingBducts.BRenalBpyramidsBmakeBupBtheBrenalBmedulla.
ExplainBtheBdifferenceBbetweenBcorticalBnephronsBandBjuxtamedullaryBnephrons.B-
BANSWERBCorticalBnephronsBmakeBupB85%BofBallBnephrons.BTheyBoriginateBsuperficiallyBinBtheBcortexBandB
haveBshorterBloopsBofBHenleBthatBextendBonlyBaBshortBdistanceBintoBtheBmedulla.BJuxtamedullaryBnephron
sBmakeBupBtheBremainingB15%BofBallBnephrons.BTheyBoriginateBdeeperBinBtheBcortex,BandBtheirBloopsBofBHe
nleBareBthinnerBandBextendBintoBtheBmedullaBentirely.
ExplainBtheBdifferencesBinBtheBtwoBsystemsBprovidingBtheBbloodBsupplyBtoBtheBnephron.BHowBdoesBtheirBst
ructureBdetermineBtheirBrole?B-
BANSWERBTheBglomerulusBreceivesBbloodBfromBtheBafferentBandBefferentBarterioles,BcreatingBaBhigh-
pressureBsystemBinBtheBBowman'sBcapsule.BTheBcapillariesBinBtheBglomerulusBareBporousBandBallowBsolute
sBandBfluidBtoBflowBoutBeasily.
TheBperitubularBcapillariesBareBlow-
pressure,BfromBefferentBarteriolesBcreatingBtheBvasaBrectaBsurroundingBtheBloopBofBHenle.BTheBhighBamou
ntBofBcontactBtheBvasaBrectaBmakesBwithBtheBloopBofBHenleBallowsBforBrapidBsoluteBandBfluidBtransfer.B(bett
erBsuitedBforBreabsorption)
NameBtwoBspecializedBstructuresBofBtheBglomerularBcapillariesBthatBcontributeBtoBtheBfiltrationBofBblood.B-
BANSWERBfenestrations:BporesBthatBallowBsolutesBandBfluidBtoBpassBthrough
podocytes:BformBslitBporesBthatBallowBfiltrateBtoBpassBthrough
ListBtheB4BsegmentsBofBtheBnephronBtubule.B-
BANSWERBproximalBconvolutedBtubule,BloopBofBHenle,BdistalBconvolutedBtubule,BcollectingBtubule
WhatBareBtheB3BprocessesBinvolvedBinBurineBformation?BDescribeBwhereBtheyBoccur.B-
BANSWERB1.BglomerularBfiltration:BoccursBinBtheBglomerulus
2.BtubularBreabsorption:BoccursBinBproximalBconvolutedBtubule,BloopBofBHenleBandBdistalBconvolutedBtubul
e
3.BtubularBsecretion:BoccursBinBproximalBconvolutedBtubule,BloopBofBHenleBandBdistalBconvolutedBtubule
WhatBisBtheBnormBvalueBforBtheBGFR?BDiscussBwhyBmaintenanceBofBthisBvalueBisBimportant.B-
BANSWERB120-
125BmL/Bmin.BIfBGFRBrateBisBtooBrapid,BsolutesBdoBnotBhaveBenoughBtimeBtoBdiffuse,BcreatingBaBbuild-
upBofBwastesBinBtheBbloodstreamBand/orBaBlossBofBimportantBnutrientsBandBelectrolytes.