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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 6 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 6 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 6QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
ListKtheK2KmajorKdivisionsKofKtheKnervousKsystemKandKtheKstructuresKfoundKinKeach.K-
KANSWERKcentralKnervousKsystemK(CNS)KcontainingKtheKbrainKandKspinalKcordK
peripheralKnervousKsystemK(PNS)KcontainingKspinalKnerves,KcranialKnerves,KandKgangliaKthatKareKoutsideKofK
theKPNS.
DescribeKtheKmeningesKandKtheirKfunction.K-
KANSWERKTheKmeningesKareKconnectiveKtissueKsheathsKthatKsurroundKtheKbrainKandKspinalKcord.K
piaKmater:KisKtheKinnermostKlayerKofKtheKmeninges.KItKisKthinKandKdelicateKandKcontainsKsurfaceKlevelKblood
KvesselsKthatKperfuseKtheKbrainKandKspinalKcord.
arachnoidKlayer:KsecondKlayer.KItKencasesKtheKentireKCNSKandKisKdelicate,Knonvascular,KandKwaterproof.KCer
ebrospinalKfluidK(CSF)KcirculatesKinKanKareaKjustKbelowKtheKarachnoidKlayerKcalledKtheKsubarachnoidKspace.K
duraKmater:KoutermostKlayer.Kstrong,KcontinuousKconnectiveKtissueKsheathKthatKprovidesKtheKbrainKandKspi
nalKcordKwithKmostKofKitsKprotection.
DescribeKhowKCSFKisKproducedKandKitsKfunction.K-
KANSWERKCSFKservesKasKaKcushionKforKtheKbrainKandKspinalKcordKprotectingKthemKfromKoutsideKphysicalKfor
ce.KItKmaintainsKaKconstantKionicKenvironmentKthatKallowsKforKtheKdiffusionKofKessentialKnutrients,Kelectrol
ytes,KandKmetabolicKwasteKproductsKintoKtheKextracellularKfluidKsurroundingKtheKCNSKneurons.K
AKthinKlayerKofKneuroglialKcells,Kependyma,KlineKtheKventriclesKofKtheKbrainKandKtheKcentralKcanalKofKtheKspi
nalKcord.KSpecializedKependymalKcellsKcalledKtheKchoroidKplexusKprojectKintoKtheKventriclesKandKproduceKC
SF.
cranialKnervesKandKfunctionsK-KANSWERKolfactory
optic
,oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminalKabducens
facialKvestibulocochlearKglossopharyngealK
vagusK
accessoryKhypoglossal
WhatKisKtheKdifferenceKbetweenKafferentKandKefferentKneurons?K-
KANSWERKAfferentKneuronsKcarryKsensoryKinformationKfromKtheKperipheryKtoKtheKspinalKcordKandKbrainKwh
ileKefferentKneuronsKcarryKmotorKoutputKfromKtheKbrainKandKspinalKcordKtoKtheKperiphery.
DivisionsKofKtheKnervousKsystemKandKtheirKfunctionsK-KANSWERKCNS,KPNS
PNS:KsomaticKnervousKsystemKandKautonomicKNSK(alsoKefferentKandKefferent)
Autonomic:KparasympatheticKandKsympathetic
somaticKnervousKsystemK-
KANSWERKgenerallyKunderKvoluntaryKcontrol,KinnervatingKtheKmovementKofKskeletalKmuscles,Kskin,KandKjoi
nts
autonomicKsystemKfunctionK-KANSWERKcontrolKglandsKandKsmoothKmusclesKofKtheKinternalKorgans-
KinvoluntaryKcontrol
parasympatheticKvs.KsympatheticK-
KANSWERKpara:KrestingKsituations,KpermittingKdigestionKandKconservationKofKenergyK
symp:KvigorousKmuscularKactivity,Kstress,Kemergenicies
hindbrainK-KANSWERKcerebellum,Kpons,KmedullaKoblongata
, coordinationKofKmovement,Kposture,KregulatingKrespirationKandKbloodKcirc
midbrainK-KANSWERKcerebralKpedunclesK(bundlesKofKnerveKfibers)
eyeKmovement,Kvisual,Kaudio
forebrainK-KANSWERKdiencephalon:Kthalamus,Ksubthalamus,Khypothalamus
cerebralKhemispheres:KfrontalK(preciseKandKplanning),KparietalK(sensory,KtopKforKtouch),KtemporalK(auditor
y),KoccipitalK(visual)
basalKgangliaK-KANSWERKmassesKofKwhiteKmatterKinKcerebralKcortex
smoothnessKofKunlearnedKmotion
limbicKsystemK-KANSWERKemotion-regulatedKbehavior
grayKmatterKvs.KwhiteKmatterK-KANSWERKGray:KneuronKcellKbodiesK(dorsalKafferent,KventralKefferent)
white:KascendingKandKdescendingKnerveKfiberKtractsKthatKcommKbetweenKspineKandKbrain
ListKtheKneuroglialKcellsKofKtheKCNSKandKPNS.K-
KANSWERKCNS:Koligodendrocytes,Kastrocytes,Kmicroglia,KandKtheKependymalKcells.
PNS:KsatelliteKcellsKandKSchwannKcells
whichKcellsKmakeKmyelinKinKCNSKandKPNSK-KANSWERKCNS:KoligodendrocytesK
PNS:KschwannKcells
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