A clear and concise summary of pre-context knowledge required for the AQA Tudors course. Involving, The Wars of The Roses, changes in Monarchy between 1422 and 1485, the Princes in The Tower, the impact of the Wars of The Roses and Henry VII.
War of The Roses: (1455-1485)
- Descendants of Edward III, intermittent civil war over the strongest claim to the
throne.
- House of Lancaster (Red Rose) vs House of York (White Rose)
Monarchy Changes:
- Henry VI (Red): 1422-1461, defeated in battle of Towton, became mentally weak
therefore loss of confidence from supporters,
- Edward IV (White): 1461-1470, nobles rebelled against, forced into exile,
- Henry VI: 1470-71, son killed in Battle of Tewksbury (no heir = weaker claim to
throne), backed by Edward IV’s rebels, possibly murdered in imprisonment,
- Edward IV: 1471-1483, died suddenly, son Edward V was only 13,
- Richard III (White): 1483-1485, brother to Edward IV, ruled as Edward V was too
young, became power hungry, killed in Battle of Bosworth
The Princes in The Tower:
- Edward IV’s heirs: Edward V and Richard, Duke of York, disappeared. Theories:
1) Murdered by Richard III
2) Kept imprisoned then murdered by Henry VII
3) Smuggled and replaced by lookalikes when living in exile.
Impact of The Wars of The Roses:
- Civil wars over the claim to the throne provides constant fear within the public
- Vulnerable to attack from other countries
- Weakened public attitude to the monarchy.
Henry VII:
- Married Elizabeth of York, a descendant of Edward IV therefore his cousin
- Went into exile at Duchy of Brittany aged 14 due to high target risk, remained for 14
years,
- Problems: Unaccustomed to present England, illegitimate as through his mother’s
line,
- Strengths: Interactions w/ other countries, can think like a fugitive therefore act
quickly.
- Nearly killed in Battle of Bosworth on 22nd August 1485
- Lord Thomas Stanley and his brother, William, would support the winning side,
Thomas was Henry’s step-father
- Richard III was killed therefore Henry was crowned King on the battlefield.
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