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THE OLDER ADULT FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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THE OLDER ADULT FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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THE OLDER ADULT FINAL EXAMQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
1. A nurse manager who provides leadership in a long-term care facility prioritizes the
need for residents to have current and relevant immunizations, stating, "it's inconvenient
and costly, but it provides protection not only to the person getting the vaccine but to all
those that they're in contact with." Which of the following ethical philosophies most likely
underlies the nurse's statement?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Absolutism
C) Utilitarianism
D) Relativism - Answer-Ans: C
Feedback:
The nurse's emphasis on providing a perceived good to a maximum number of
individuals is typical of a utilitarian outlook.
2. Due to a bed shortage in the area, the head nurse on a busy geriatric medicine unit is
under significant pressure to minimize client lengths of stay and speed up discharge
planning. An older adult client who is convalescing after recent falls is adamant that he
is not ready for discharge, and tells the nurse, "It doesn't matter who or how many
people are waiting in the emergency department for this bed; I'm simply not healthy
enough to go home yet." Of which philosophy of ethics is the patient's statement most
indicative?
A) Absolutism
B) Relativism
C) Egoism
D) Beneficence - Answer-Ans: C
Feedback:
An emphasis on one's personal interests is characteristic of egoism.
3. Despite the wishes of her family and the recommendations of the care team, a 70-
year-old client with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure, but who is otherwise healthy,
wants to have a no-code order in place. Which of the following statements by the care
team most clearly prioritizes the patient's autonomy?
A) "If this is what is best for everyone then we need to go ahead with the order."
B) "Provided it can be demonstrated that she has a potentially poor prognosis, we
should certainly consider doing this."
C) "It's best that social work get involved at this point to reconcile the family's and the
patient's wishes."
D) "If that's what she wants, then ultimately we're obliged to respect her wishes." -
Answer-Ans: D
Feedback:
, Answer D most clearly prioritizes the patient's individual freedom, preference, and
rights in this case, and these considerations would override the family's or the care
team's conflicting interests.
4. Nurse H is providing care in the hospital for a 71-year-old male patient who is in the
late stages of cancer and who has painful bone metastases. The client is non-
responsive but groans and grimaces intermittently. Nurse H is drawing up a
breakthrough dose of morphine for the patient, but Nurse R cautions that, "sure, that will
address his pain, but it could depress his respiratory drive and actually kill him at this
stage." Which of the following ethical principles is Nurse R prioritizing?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Fidelity - Answer-Ans: A
Feedback:
Nurse R's emphasis on preventing harm to the patient, even during an act that may be
motivated by altruism, is characteristic of the principle of nonmaleficence.
5. Nurse T promised an 81-year-old female client that he would liaise with the
physiotherapy team and ensure that her rehabilitation would commence soon, since it
was apparent that she was being overlooked. Due to a busy shift during which another
patient declined rapidly, the nurse did not follow up. Which ethical principle has Nurse T
most clearly violated?
A) Beneficence
B) Fidelity
C) Veracity
D) Justice - Answer-Ans: B
Feedback:
Central to the principle of fidelity is respecting words and duties to patients, such as
following up when promised. The nurse's actions are less indicative of deficits in
beneficence, veracity (since he did not overtly lie to the patient), or justice.
6. Mr. L's health insurance has just expired though he is still in the recovery stages of a
serious exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Backdating the
paperwork by only 2 days will spare Mr. L the out-of-pocket expense of home oxygen
therapy. The nurse who is organizing Mr. L's care on discharge has chosen a course of
action that prioritizes the principle of veracity. Which of the following courses of action
best exemplifies this principle?
A) Backdating the paperwork to ensure that Mr. L does not sustain harm from having to
pay or having to go without oxygen therapy.
B) Backdating the paperwork because it will clearly maximize Mr. L's well-being at a
nominal cost to the insurer.
C) Refusing to backdate the paperwork because to do so would be untruthful.
D) Refusing to backdate the paperwork because to do so would be an unjust act toward
the insurance company. - Answer-Ans: C
Feedback:
, The principle of veracity emphasizes truthfulness, and the nurse's refusal to lie on the
insurance documentation is indicative of this principle. Consideration for the
consequences to either the patient or the insurance company would be secondary.
10. The ethics committee of a hospital has decided that it is unethical to prioritize
patients who possess more comprehensive insurance plans than those with minimal or
no insurance. Which of the following principles most clearly underlies this decision?
A) Beneficence
B) Justice
C) Fidelity
D) Veracity - Answer-Ans: B
Feedback:
The principle of justice includes treating individuals fairly and giving patients the service
they need, emphasizing service based on need rather than the ability to pay. This
perspective is not central to the principles of beneficence, fidelity, or veracity.
14. Which of the following is the best example of the ethical principle of beneficence?
A) The nurses at City Hospital answer patients' call buttons "with all deliberate speed"
B) The nursing supervisor fires an incompetent part-time nursing assistant, leaving a
less than full complement of staff
C) At a nursing home, the staff closes residents' doors before the body of a deceased
resident is wheeled out
D) The charge nurse documents all reported incidents at the end of the shift - Answer-
Ans: A
Feedback:
Beneficence means to do good for patients. Of the examples given, A is the best
demonstration of this principle.
15. Which of the following actions is viewed as ethically acceptable under the
philosophy of relativism?
A) An older adult's children propose that she split her life savings between them before
she needs care.
B) A lottery winner donates money to a hospital only if the hospital's new wing is named
after him.
C) A millionaire finds a wallet in her physician's waiting room and keeps the money
inside.
D) A poor man steals medicine and diabetic supplies from a pharmacy to help his ill
child. - Answer-Ans: D
Feedback:
The act of stealing is ethically wrong in some philosophies, but condoned under the
philosophy of relativism, or situational ethics, because of the circumstances—in this
case, need. Choice A exemplifies utilitarianism; B and C, egoism.
16. When advocating the rights of patients to receive health care regardless of ability to
pay, a nurse is applying which of the following ethical principles?
A) Holistics
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