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NUR 340 Exam 1 Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
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NUR 340 Exam 1 Questions And Correct Detailed AnswersWhat is asthma?
aka reactive airway disease
chronic inflammatory airway disorder
What is the patho of asthma?
hypersensitivity type 1 immune response
IgE mediated with mast cells that release histamines and leukotrienes that result in:
1. inflammation and edema of mucous membranes
2. accumulation of tenacious secretion from mucous glands
3. spasm of the smooth muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles
What are triggers of asthma?
dust
pet dander
cold
stress
cigarette smoke
plants
exercise
what are host factors of asthma
age
hereditary
gender
obesity
ethnicity
What are environmental factors of asthma
,Allergens
Infections
Tobacco smoke
Indoor/outdoor air pollution
Diet
Clinical manifestations of asthma
-Dyspnea
-Expiratory wheezing
-Cough
-Diaphoresis
-Paroxysmal, hacking, and nonproductive cough at onset; becomes rattling and
productive of clear sputum
-Prolonged expiratory phase
-Anxious expression, restlessness
-Setting position
-Coarse rhonchi
What are the signs of respiratory distress
Nasal flaring, cyanosis, intercostal retractions
,How is asthma diagnosed
Usually done based on medical history, physical exam, and labs (no specific test to
diagnose)
PFT can help confirm the diagnosis but is usually called reactive airway disease as label
unless they are sure its asthma
What is consider the green zone for Peak expiratory Flow rates and what should the
nurse do
80%-100% of personal best and do nothing
What is consider the yellow zone for Peak expiratory Flow rates and what should the
nurse do
50-79% of person best and give albuterol
What is the considered the red zone for Peak expiratory Flow rates and what should the
nurse do
< 50% of person best and give albuterol (rescue meds) and trip to ER
What is ways to manage environmental triggers with asthma
house dust mite control
pillows and mattresses in allergen-impermeable covers
cockroach control
dust- wash linens in hot water twice weekly and vacuum weekly
animal free room
avoid kerosene or wood heat
avoid cigarette smoke
what are ways to manage asthma
allergen control- hypo sensitization (allergy shots)
avoid triggers
humidity B/T 35-50%
use air conditioners (heat is bad AC is good)
reduce underlying inflammation
chest physiotherapy
, patient ed
What are the medications that prevent/controll asthma
corticosteroids: GVAR, pulmicort, flovent
long-acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists: advair, serevent
mast cell stabilizers: cromolyn
leukotriene inhibitors: singular
methylxanthines- not used much bc of toxicity
omalizumab
what is omalizumab
Monoclonal antibodies; used to treat moderate to severe asthma that is unrelieved by
inhaled corticosteroids
What are relievers/rescue meds for asthma
short-acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists/bronchodilators: Proventil, Xopenex, albuterol
magnesium sulfate: acts to decrease inflammation and improves pulmonary function
and peak flow rate
What are nursing considerations for asthma in the outpatient setting
assessment of precipitating factors, treatments
are medications being administered properly
up to date asthma action plan (review every 6 months)
modify environment
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