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NURS 6531 FINAL EXAM REVIEW DECK 1
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NURS 6531 FINAL EXAM REVIEW DECK 1
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NURS 6531 FINAL EXAM REVIEW DECK 1What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - Answers -Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone),
hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine
osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - Answers -Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - Answers -diluted with low osmolality
and hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - Answers -Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes
out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or
biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - Answers -Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - Answers -hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answers -Urinalysis:
Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - Answers -Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - Answers -Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - Answers -Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral
show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - Answers -Proteus
mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - Answers -Staphylococcus aureus
, What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - Answers -Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - Answers -"Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - Answers -Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - Answers -peaked T-
waves, wide QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an
MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis? - Answers -Heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - Answers -Diabetes
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy? - Answers -smoking, previous tubal
surgery, previous ectopic pregnancy, exposure to diethylibestrol, current IUD, PID,
advanced maternal age, infertilitiy for more than 2 years.
What hormones are most critical to replace in a patient at risk for anterior pituitary
insufficiency? - Answers -Glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormone
What is diabetes insipidus? - Answers -a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of
ADH which causes excessive water loss
CKD Stage 1 - Answers -GFR >90 with evidence of renal damage, as indicated by
proteinuria.
CKD Stage 2 - Answers -GFR 60-89
CKD Stage 3a - Answers -GFR 45-59
CKD Stage 3b - Answers -GFR 30-44
What is the diagnosis and initial treatment of a patient with history of nonfunctional
pituitary macroadenoma with severe retro-orbital headache, nausea, vomiting, mental
status change, right third nerve palsy with stiff neck, and pituitary adenoma (enlarged)
hemorrhage? - Answers -Pituitary apoplexy
dexamethasone 2mg IV q 6hr then surgery if mental status change present.
What causes hypocalcemia in patients with end stage renal disease? - Answers -
Decreased conversion of Vitamin D.
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