EXAM 2024/2025 ONS/ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATION WITH PRECISE
SOLUTIONS
The stem cell divides, producing undifferentiated stem cells that
are of what lineage? - Precise Answer ✔✔myeloid or lymphoid
What cells do myeloid precursors turn into? - Precise Answer
✔✔red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What cells do lymphoid precursors turn into? - Precise Answer
✔✔specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes
Granulocytes are - Precise Answer ✔✔basophils, eosinophils,
neutrophils
Agranuloyctes are - Precise Answer ✔✔T lymphocytes, B
lymphocytes, monocytes
What two type of immunity make up the immune system? -
Precise Answer ✔✔innate and adaptive
,What line of defense is innate immunity? - Precise Answer
✔✔first
What is the role of innate immunity? - Precise Answer ✔✔is to
mount a non-specific response to a non-self entity that does not
retain memory of the entity
What types of things does innate immunity respond to? - Precise
Answer ✔✔skin, mucous membranes, normal flora of the skin
and gut as barrier or bacterial protection against foreign
substances AND cellular components such as phagocytes,
natural killer cells, granulocytes, and macrophages
If innate immunity proves to be insufficient, what is mobilized?
- Precise Answer ✔✔adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity leads to what? - Precise Answer
✔✔immune system memory related to a pathogen or foreign
substance
What are the three parts of adaptive immunity? - Precise Answer
✔✔humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, regulatory t-
cells
,What is humoral immunity made up of? - Precise Answer ✔✔b
lymphocytes, memory b cells, and plasma to produce
immunoglobulins or antibodies
What is cell mediated immunity dependent on? - Precise Answer
✔✔cytotoxic t-cells, helper t-cells and their cytokines
What are regulatory t-cells also known as? - Precise Answer
✔✔supressor t-cells
What do regulatory t-cells do? - Precise Answer ✔✔regulate the
immune response to prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses
What are cytokines? - Precise Answer ✔✔cytokines are secreted
by lymphocytes with the intention of stimulating macrophages
and cytotoxic t lymphocytes to identify and kill pathogen
infected cells or tumor cells
What do proto-oncogenes do? - Precise Answer ✔✔regulate
normal cell growth and division.
, What are proto-oncogenes? - Precise Answer ✔✔they are a
large family of genes that code for proteins and enzymes that
turn on the cell cycle
If a mistake in copies of DNA occur next to a porto-oncogene, it
can "turn on" and become what? - Precise Answer ✔✔oncogene
What are two examples of an oncogene? - Precise Answer
✔✔EGFR/Erb- B1 and Erb-B2/HER2
What is a very important tumor suppressor gene? - Precise
Answer ✔✔p53
What is the p53 gene also called? - Precise Answer ✔✔suicide
gene
What does neoadjuvant therapy refer to? - Precise Answer
✔✔treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the
main treatment
What is adjuvant therapy? - Precise Answer ✔✔additional
cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the
risk that cancer will occur
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATION WITH PRECISE
SOLUTIONS
The stem cell divides, producing undifferentiated stem cells that
are of what lineage? - Precise Answer ✔✔myeloid or lymphoid
What cells do myeloid precursors turn into? - Precise Answer
✔✔red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What cells do lymphoid precursors turn into? - Precise Answer
✔✔specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes
Granulocytes are - Precise Answer ✔✔basophils, eosinophils,
neutrophils
Agranuloyctes are - Precise Answer ✔✔T lymphocytes, B
lymphocytes, monocytes
What two type of immunity make up the immune system? -
Precise Answer ✔✔innate and adaptive
,What line of defense is innate immunity? - Precise Answer
✔✔first
What is the role of innate immunity? - Precise Answer ✔✔is to
mount a non-specific response to a non-self entity that does not
retain memory of the entity
What types of things does innate immunity respond to? - Precise
Answer ✔✔skin, mucous membranes, normal flora of the skin
and gut as barrier or bacterial protection against foreign
substances AND cellular components such as phagocytes,
natural killer cells, granulocytes, and macrophages
If innate immunity proves to be insufficient, what is mobilized?
- Precise Answer ✔✔adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity leads to what? - Precise Answer
✔✔immune system memory related to a pathogen or foreign
substance
What are the three parts of adaptive immunity? - Precise Answer
✔✔humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, regulatory t-
cells
,What is humoral immunity made up of? - Precise Answer ✔✔b
lymphocytes, memory b cells, and plasma to produce
immunoglobulins or antibodies
What is cell mediated immunity dependent on? - Precise Answer
✔✔cytotoxic t-cells, helper t-cells and their cytokines
What are regulatory t-cells also known as? - Precise Answer
✔✔supressor t-cells
What do regulatory t-cells do? - Precise Answer ✔✔regulate the
immune response to prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses
What are cytokines? - Precise Answer ✔✔cytokines are secreted
by lymphocytes with the intention of stimulating macrophages
and cytotoxic t lymphocytes to identify and kill pathogen
infected cells or tumor cells
What do proto-oncogenes do? - Precise Answer ✔✔regulate
normal cell growth and division.
, What are proto-oncogenes? - Precise Answer ✔✔they are a
large family of genes that code for proteins and enzymes that
turn on the cell cycle
If a mistake in copies of DNA occur next to a porto-oncogene, it
can "turn on" and become what? - Precise Answer ✔✔oncogene
What are two examples of an oncogene? - Precise Answer
✔✔EGFR/Erb- B1 and Erb-B2/HER2
What is a very important tumor suppressor gene? - Precise
Answer ✔✔p53
What is the p53 gene also called? - Precise Answer ✔✔suicide
gene
What does neoadjuvant therapy refer to? - Precise Answer
✔✔treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the
main treatment
What is adjuvant therapy? - Precise Answer ✔✔additional
cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the
risk that cancer will occur
