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EDUC 701 Chapter 9 Motivation exam questions and answers
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EDUC 701 Chapter 9 Motivation exam questions and answers
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EDUC 701 Chapter 9 Motivationexam questions and answers
Instincts
innate tendencies that determine behavior
have survival value of organisms
homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal
environment
optimal levels of physiological states
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Brainpower
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hedonism
self-indulgence; pleasure-seeking
Three historical perspectives on motivation
drive theory
conditioning theory
cognitive consistency theory
drive theory
, the belief that behavior is motivated by drives that arise from biological
needs that demand satisfaction
does not offer an adequate explanation for academic motivation
drive
motivational force
drive-reduction theory
approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological
needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need
and reduce tension and arousal
primary needs
biological necessities like hunger and thirst
secondary reinforcer
any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary
reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or gold stars
conditioning theory
the theory that learning is a trial-and-error process
explain motivation in elicited by stimuli
classical conditioning
a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and
anticipate events
operant conditioning
motivated behavior is an increase rate of responding or a greater likely
hood that a response will occur in the presence of a stimulus
Cognitive Consistency Theory
cognitive inconsistencies create tension and thus motivate the organism
balance theory
individuals have a tendency to cognitively balance relations among
persons, situations, and events
cognitive dissonance
individuals attempt to maintain consistent relations among their beliefs,
attitudes, opinions, and behaviors
Ways to reduce dissonance
change a discrepant cognition
qualify cognitions
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