bisc 261 chapter 11: regulation of
cellular processes with Questions
Solved with 100% Correct Answers
and energy source - Answer catabolite repression
A protein that regulates the expression of genes encoding catabolite repressible
enzymes; also called cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) - Answer catabolite
activator protein (CAP)
A small nucleotide that is involved in regulating a number of cellular processes in
bacteria and other organisms. In some bacteria, it functions in catabolite repression -
Answer 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
A signaling molecule synthesized in response to stressors - Answer alarmone
A decrease in tRNA and rRNA, and an increase in specific amino acid biosynthetic
enzymes in response to amino acid starvation - Answer stringent response
The process in which bacteria monitor their own population density or the presence of
other species of bacteria by sensing the levels of signal molecules (e.g., N-
acylhomoserine lactone) released by the microorganisms. When these signal
molecules reach a threshold concentration, quorum-dependent genes are expressed -
Answer quorum sensing
, The autoinducer molecule that diffuses into and out of cells, thereby permitting
an assessment of population density - Answer N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)
In general terms, any molecule that increases its own level of production -
Answer autoinduction
With respect to quorum sensing, a small molecule that induces synthesis of the
enzyme responsible for the autoinducer's synthesis. See also quorum sensing - Answer
autoinducer
A system of methylases and endonucleases that modify or cut bacterial genomic DNA. It
is protective against mobile genetic elements - Answer restriction-modification
Enzymes produced by bacterial cells that cleave DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
They evolved to protect bacteria from viral infection and are used in genetic engineering
- Answer restriction endonucleases
An array of DNA sequences and a set of enzymes that recognize invading DNA of
plasmid or bacteriophage origin and target them for destruction; found in many
bacteria and most archaea - Answer CRISPR/Cas system
The alteration of chromatin structure by inserting or removing variant histone
proteins from a nucleosome - Answer chromatin remodeling
Sequences near eukaryotic genes where activator proteins bind - Answer upstream
activating sequences (UASs)
A site in DNA to which a eukaryotic activator protein binds - Answer enhancer
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