BIOS252 EXAM 2 STUDY SET with Complete Solutions | Latest Update
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Course
BIOS252
Institution
BIOS252
BIOS252 EXAM 2 STUDY SET with
Complete Solutions | Latest Update
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? - 31 pairs
how many cervical nerves are there? - 8 pairs
how many thoracic nerves are there? - 12 pairs
how many pairs of lumbar nerves are there? - 5 pairs
how many pairs of sacral ner...
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? - ✔✔31 pairs
how many cervical nerves are there? - ✔✔8 pairs
how many thoracic nerves are there? - ✔✔12 pairs
how many pairs of lumbar nerves are there? - ✔✔5 pairs
how many pairs of sacral nerves are there? - ✔✔5 pairs
how many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there? - ✔✔1 pair
What is the dorsal root? - ✔✔axons of sensory neurons
what is the ventral root? - ✔✔axons of motor neurons ( efferent)
Do spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor neurons? - ✔✔yes
What is a myotome? - ✔✔specific muscle groups innervated by specific
levels of spinal nerves
what is a dermatome? - ✔✔specific patches of skin innervated by specific
levels of the spinal column
,what is a endoneurium? - ✔✔connective tissue surrounding each individual
axon
What is the perineurium? - ✔✔connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of
axons making a nerve fascicle
What is the epineurium? - ✔✔surrounds the entire nerve
What is the cervical plexus? - ✔✔C1-C5
what is notable nerves? - ✔✔Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)
brachial plexus - ✔✔C5-T1, nerves to upper limb, neck, and shoulder
muscles
lumbar plexus - ✔✔L1-L4, nerves to abdominal wall, genitals, and lower
limb
sacral and coccygeal plexus - ✔✔l5-s1, nerves to the buttock, perineum,
and lower limb notable nerves; sciatic nerve, tibial and common fibular
what is a reflex? - ✔✔fast, involuntary and predictable sequence of events
that function as an arc
what are the 5 steps to a reflex? - ✔✔Sensory receptor, sensory neuron,
interneuron, motor neuron, effector
Ipsilateral - ✔✔same side
, contralateral - ✔✔opposite side
monosynaptic - ✔✔one synapse
polysynaptic - ✔✔multiple neurons stimulated
Sensory tracts - ✔✔usually begins with SPINO - afferent pathways
spinothalamic tract - ✔✔(antero and lateral) takes pain, temp, itch, and
tickle to the thalamus; decussates in the cord upon level of entry
Posterior columns - ✔✔(Cuneate and Gracile) takes touch, pressure, and
vibration to the thalamus; decussates in the medulla
Motor tracts - ✔✔tracts consisting of axons that carry nerve impulses from
the brain
corticospinal tract - ✔✔connections between brain and spine
ANS - ✔✔autonomic nervous system
autonomic vs somatic - ✔✔autonomic (involuntary) and somatic (voluntary)
Sympathetics - Lateral Grey horns of thoracic lumbar spine, sympathetic
trunk and preverterebral ganglia, short pre-ganglionic nerve; long post
ganglionic nerve; pre-ganglionic NT is Ach, Post gaglionic NT is EPI and
NE, Elevate HR and respiratory rate, Pupil dilate, vasoconstrict blood
vessels to digestive organs and vasodilate blood vessels to extremities,
global response, long acting
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