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GMS 6121 Final exam Questions & answers | A Graded
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GMS 6121 Final exam Questions &answers | A Graded
An example of a live attenuated vaccine is: - ✔✔polio vaccine.
An example of a subunit vaccine is: - ✔✔Hep B vaccine
The ____________ is the most common route of viral entry. - ✔✔respiratory tract
Mechanical barriers to infection in the respiratory tract include: - ✔✔-Mucus traps viruses
-ciliary action propels viruses out of the lungs
-sneezing
-coughing
Cellular barriers to infection in the respiratory tract include: - ✔✔macrophages in alveoli
Humoral barriers to infection in the respiratory tract include: - ✔✔IgA
Virus infection of cultured cells can be observed by cytopathic effect (CPE), which most frequently
manifests as: - ✔✔cell lysis
The most common method to quantify virus infection in a laboratory is by: - ✔✔plaque assay
Hemaglutination assay can be used to quantify viruses that are able to bind to: - ✔✔red blood cells
,The number of plaques detected in one well of a plaque assay is a reflection of the amount of ________
and the amount of ________. - ✔✔virus in the sample; sample dilution
Serology is an indirect method of virus detection because it measures the amount of _____ in a patient's
serum. - ✔✔antibody
Barriers to viral infection of the GI tract - ✔✔-acid pH of the stomach
-bile detergents
-mucosal IgA
-thick layer of mucus
An infection where the virus can spread to many different organs in the body - ✔✔systemic infection
Viral induction of pyrogenic cytokines that stimulate fever, antibody-dependent enhancement of viral
infection, and generation of immune complexes during chronic infections are examples of _______. -
✔✔immunopathology
Viruses in nature are _____ genetically diverse than viruses in the laboratory. - ✔✔more
Reassortment can only occur for which class of virus? - ✔✔Viruses with segmented genomes
Why do RNA viruses have a higher rate of mutation than DNA viruses? - ✔✔-Their polymerases
lack proof-reading activity
-They have low-fidelity polymerases.
-Their genomes are much smaller so the replication rate is much quicker.
What are the mechanisms by which picornaviruses can release their genomes into the cytoplasm
of target cells? - ✔✔Formation of pores in the membrane AND dissociation of the virion in
acidic endosomes following endocytosis
, What factor recruits host translation initiation factors to the 5' end of picornavirus genomes to initiate
protein production? - ✔✔internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
Which poliovirus vaccine is in common use in the US today? - ✔✔IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)
What recruits host translation initiation factors to the 5' end of the calicivirus genomes? -
✔✔The viral VPg protein
How are norovirus structural proteins synthesized? - ✔✔They are translated from a
subgenomic mRNA produced late in the replication cycle.
Astroviruses cause what type of disease outcome? - ✔✔Gastroenteritis
Which classes of viruses have evolved to infect the GI tract? - ✔✔-
Reoviruses -Noroviruses
-Coronaviruses
________ are a major portal for pathogen entry into the GI tract. - ✔✔M cells
Barriers to infection of the urogenital tract - ✔✔-
mucus -low pH
Examples of viruses that can spread from the urogenital tract - ✔✔HIV, HSV
Example of a localized viral infection of the eye - ✔✔conjunctivitis
Example of a viral infection that can disseminate from the eye - ✔✔HSV-1
Outcomes of infection at the single-cell level - ✔✔-Cell death
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