HBIO 205 Final Exam Guide |Questions with
Complete Solutions
When expressing VO2 max, which unit has the largest difference between men and women?
Which unit has the smallest difference between men and women? - ✔Largest: L/min
Males 3.5 Females 2.8
Middle: ml/kg/min Males 45 Females 38
Smallest: ml/kg FFM/min Males 55 Females 50
What is the relationship between VO2 and relative intensity level? What is the importance of
having a high VO2 max? - ✔The higher the VO2 max of a subject, the less intense the
exercise will seem. It is critical to have a high VO2 max if you need to go far and keep up at a
high intensity.
Which is more important, VO2 max or Lactic Threshold? - ✔Lactic Threshold
Lactic Threshold - ✔when your body can't keep up with all the oxygen you're taking in so the
body increases glycolysis to help fill the demand. that doesn't last long, however, and your
body ends up producing lactate in the blood causing you to have lactic acid. this means that the
intensity of the lactic threshold represents the maximal intensity at which steady state exercise
can be maintained.
O2 Deficit - ✔the physical aftermath of exercising at max. means that if you are someone
who is unfit, you will have a larger deficit (time to recover and reach equilibrium which is rest)
if you exercise at max level because your body is not used to using that much energy and will
cause you to produce lactic acid
Calculate Pressure underwater - ✔(# meters /10 ) + 1 or (# feet / 3) + 1
,Example: at 30m, pressure = 3 + 1 = 4 ATM
On a sunny day, which thermometer would have a higher reading: a regular thermometer or
a globe thermometer? - ✔The globe thermometer's reading could be higher by nearly 20F.
What is gastric emptying? - ✔The rate at which things go through the stomach to the
small intestine where they're absorbed. No absorption occurs in the stomach.
How do we acclimatize to heat and cold? - ✔Heat: increased capacity to sweat, lose
more water than electrolytes in sweat
Cold: no physical changes
Heart Rate - ✔Number of times ventricles contract per minute
Stroke Volume (SV) - ✔Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per beat (L/B)
Cardiac Output (Q) - ✔Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute
Q (L/min) calculation - ✔HR (b/min) x SV (L/b)
How many liters of blood in body? - ✔5L & goes around the body once at rest
Resting BPM - ✔70
Sedentary Values at Rest - ✔5 L/M = 70 bpm x ~ 72 ml/beat
, Endurance Trained Values at rest - ✔5 L/M = 50 bpm x 100 ml/beat
Heart Efficiency of endurance athlete - ✔An athlete's heart that is trained for cardio
contracts with greater force and has greater efficiency per beat. Instead of 75 ml/b, they have
100 ml/b
Variables involved in training when trying to improve cardio - ✔Duration, Frequency
and Intensity
Which variable is most important in training when trying to improve cardio? - ✔Intensity
Orthostatic Hypotension - ✔Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or
postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
Valsalva maneuver - ✔forcible exhalation against a closed glottis, resulting in
increased intrathoracic pressure
benefits of warming up - ✔1. Increases blood flow to muscles and joints
2. Makes you feel like exercising
3. Creates heat in muscles and joints making them more flexible and resistant to injury
Benefits of cooling down - ✔helps prevent blood from pooling in the muscles you were using
and prevents tightened muscles from becoming sore, helps with transporting blood back to
the heart
Accessory Muscle Pump - ✔The accessory muscle pump refers to how, as muscles
contract and relax, they squeeze veins and help get blood back to the heart.
edema - ✔Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues. Ex: Blood pools at
a person's feet on a plane
Complete Solutions
When expressing VO2 max, which unit has the largest difference between men and women?
Which unit has the smallest difference between men and women? - ✔Largest: L/min
Males 3.5 Females 2.8
Middle: ml/kg/min Males 45 Females 38
Smallest: ml/kg FFM/min Males 55 Females 50
What is the relationship between VO2 and relative intensity level? What is the importance of
having a high VO2 max? - ✔The higher the VO2 max of a subject, the less intense the
exercise will seem. It is critical to have a high VO2 max if you need to go far and keep up at a
high intensity.
Which is more important, VO2 max or Lactic Threshold? - ✔Lactic Threshold
Lactic Threshold - ✔when your body can't keep up with all the oxygen you're taking in so the
body increases glycolysis to help fill the demand. that doesn't last long, however, and your
body ends up producing lactate in the blood causing you to have lactic acid. this means that the
intensity of the lactic threshold represents the maximal intensity at which steady state exercise
can be maintained.
O2 Deficit - ✔the physical aftermath of exercising at max. means that if you are someone
who is unfit, you will have a larger deficit (time to recover and reach equilibrium which is rest)
if you exercise at max level because your body is not used to using that much energy and will
cause you to produce lactic acid
Calculate Pressure underwater - ✔(# meters /10 ) + 1 or (# feet / 3) + 1
,Example: at 30m, pressure = 3 + 1 = 4 ATM
On a sunny day, which thermometer would have a higher reading: a regular thermometer or
a globe thermometer? - ✔The globe thermometer's reading could be higher by nearly 20F.
What is gastric emptying? - ✔The rate at which things go through the stomach to the
small intestine where they're absorbed. No absorption occurs in the stomach.
How do we acclimatize to heat and cold? - ✔Heat: increased capacity to sweat, lose
more water than electrolytes in sweat
Cold: no physical changes
Heart Rate - ✔Number of times ventricles contract per minute
Stroke Volume (SV) - ✔Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per beat (L/B)
Cardiac Output (Q) - ✔Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute
Q (L/min) calculation - ✔HR (b/min) x SV (L/b)
How many liters of blood in body? - ✔5L & goes around the body once at rest
Resting BPM - ✔70
Sedentary Values at Rest - ✔5 L/M = 70 bpm x ~ 72 ml/beat
, Endurance Trained Values at rest - ✔5 L/M = 50 bpm x 100 ml/beat
Heart Efficiency of endurance athlete - ✔An athlete's heart that is trained for cardio
contracts with greater force and has greater efficiency per beat. Instead of 75 ml/b, they have
100 ml/b
Variables involved in training when trying to improve cardio - ✔Duration, Frequency
and Intensity
Which variable is most important in training when trying to improve cardio? - ✔Intensity
Orthostatic Hypotension - ✔Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or
postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
Valsalva maneuver - ✔forcible exhalation against a closed glottis, resulting in
increased intrathoracic pressure
benefits of warming up - ✔1. Increases blood flow to muscles and joints
2. Makes you feel like exercising
3. Creates heat in muscles and joints making them more flexible and resistant to injury
Benefits of cooling down - ✔helps prevent blood from pooling in the muscles you were using
and prevents tightened muscles from becoming sore, helps with transporting blood back to
the heart
Accessory Muscle Pump - ✔The accessory muscle pump refers to how, as muscles
contract and relax, they squeeze veins and help get blood back to the heart.
edema - ✔Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues. Ex: Blood pools at
a person's feet on a plane
