Exam (elaborations)
NURS 6700 Exam 1
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Exam of 23 pages for the course NURS 6700 at NURS 6700 (NURS 6700 Exam 1)
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NURS 6700 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
i Why is Florence Nightingale significant? - - Shaped and defined standards of nursing practice
- Advocates for nurses to think about patient and environment
- Collection of data (assessment) was for sake of saving person's life, promoting comfort, and increasing
health
What are the aims of nursing? - - Promote health
- Prevent illness
- Restore health
- Facilitate coping w/disability or death
What are the main domains (paradigms) of nursing theory? - - *Person (patient)*
- Health
- Environment
- Nursing
What is a paradigm? - Pattern of thought useful in describing the domain of a discipline.
According to Watson's Transpersonal Caring Theory (1979), what is the goal of nursing? - Promote
health, restore patient to health, and prevent illness
According to Watson's Transpersonal Caring Theory (1979), what is the framework for practice? -
Involves the philosophy of caring, which is an interpersonal process of interventions to meet human
needs
According to Nightingale's Environmental Theory (1860), what is the goal of nursing? - Facilitate the
reparative process of the body by manipulating the patient's environment
According to Nightingale's Environmental Theory (1860), what is the framework for practice? - Nurse
manipulates patient's environment to include appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light, comfort,
socialization, and hope
According to Peplau's Interpersonal Theory (1952), what is the goal of nursing? - Develop interaction
between nurse and patient
,According to Peplau's Interpersonal Theory (1952), what is the framework for practice? - Nursing is a
significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process and health care systems should facilitate interpersonal
relationships
According to Peplau, what 3 phases characterize the nurse-patient relationship? - 1) orientation
2) working phase
3) termination
According to Henderson's Theory (1955), what is the goal of nursing? - Work interdependently with
other health care workers to assist patient in gaining independence asap
According to Henderson's Theory (1955), what is the framework for practice? - Nurses help the patient
perform Henderson's 14 basic needs
According to Orem's Self-care Deficit Theory (1971), what is the goal of nursing? - Make the patient as
self-sufficient as possible and manage his/her health problems
According to Orem's Self-care Deficit Theory (1971), what is the framework for practice? - Care is needed
when patient is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs
According to Leininger's Theory (1978), what is the goal of nursing? - Provide the patient with culturally
specific nursing care
According to Neuman's Theory (1974), what is the goal of nursing? - Help individuals, families, and
groups attain maximal level of wellness by purposeful interventions
According to Neuman's theory (1974), what is the framework for practice? - Stress reduction is goal of
systems model and nursing actions are primary, secondary, or tertiary level of prevention.
According to Roy's Adaptation Theory (1970), what is the goal of nursing? - Identify types of demands
placed on a patient, assess adaptation to demands, and help patient adapt
According to Roy's Adaptation Theory (1970), what is the framework for practice? - All individuals must
adapt to following demands:
- physiological needs
- positive self-concept
- social roles
- balance between dependence/independence
According to Brenner and Wrubel's Theory (1989), what is the goal of nursing? - Focus on patient's need
for caring to cope with stressors of illness
According to Brenner and Wrubel's Theory (1989), what is the framework for practice? - Caring is
essence of nursing and creates possibility for coping, enables connecting and showing concern for others
How are nursing theories beneficial in practice? - They organize frameworks of nursing care and provide
critical thinking structures to guide clinical reasoning and problem solving.
, What is the best way to search for evidence in scientific literature? - Form a PICOT question.
What is the P in PICOT? - Patient population of interest
/Identify patients by age, gender, ethnicity, and disease or health problem/
What is the I in PICOT? - Intervention of interest
/Which intervention is worthwhile to use in practice (e.g. treatment, diagnostic test, prognostic factor)/
What is the C in PICOT? - Comparison of interest
/What is the usual standard of care or current intervention used now in practice?/
What is the O in PICOT? - Outcome
/What result do you wish to achieve or observe as a result of an intervention (e.g. change in patient
behavior, physical finding, patient perception)/
What is the T in PICOT? - Time
/What amount of time is needed for an intervention to achieve an outcome (e.g. amount of time needed
to change quality of life or patient behavior)/
What is a nursing theory? - A conceptualization of some aspect of nursing communicated for the
purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, and/or prescribing nursing care
What is descriptive theory? - It is the first level in theory development and describes a phenomenon.
What is a grand theory? - - Provides a structural framework for nursing practice
- Focuses on nursing as a whole rather than a specific type of nursing
What is a middle-range theory? - - More limited and less abstract.
- It focuses on a specific field/phenomenon
What is a prescriptive theory? - It details nursing interventions for a specific phenomenon and the
expected outcome of care.
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