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NURO 504 Module 5 Hematological Exam Study Guide $10.99   Add to cart

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NURO 504 Module 5 Hematological Exam Study Guide

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NURO 504 Module 5 Hematological Exam Study Guide ...

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  • September 19, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • NURO 504
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NURO 504 Module 5
Hematological Exam Study
Guide

iron deficiency anemia - Answer Anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build
hemoglobin for red blood cells

Most common in the world

Causes - GI blood loss or menorrhagia, diet, blood donations, malabsorption, increased
requirements = pregnancy, adolescence, infancy.

Daily Recommendations = 15mg/day & 30mg/day for pregnancy women

Iron absorption - Answer Substance that inhibits: soy, bran, dairy, vegetable sources

Substances that enhance: Vitamin C, citric acid, meat/poultry/fish sources

Severe IDA - Answer Non-specific: fatigue, exercise intolerance, weakness,
palpitations, irritability, headaches

Specific: paresthesia, sore tongue, brittle nails, spoon shaped nails, pica for starch, ice,
or clay

Clinical Presentation IDA - Answer Forceful apical pulse (working harder to transport)

Exertional tachycardia

Systolic flow murmur

Pallor of conjunctiva, mucus membranes, nail beds, and palmar creases

Spoon shaped nails (koilonychia)

IDA labs - Answer o Hgb: decreased

o Serum ferritin: decreased

o Serum iron: decreased

o TIBC: increased

oTransferrin saturation: decreased

Oral Iron Preparations - Answer Goal - 150-200mg of elemental iron/day until anemia is

, corrected (325mg tabs of ferrous sulfate 3 times a day). Continue empirically until
ferritin level is >50mcg/L

S/E: nausea, constipation, heartburn, upper GI discomfort, black stool, diarrhea

Empty stomach causes more S/E.

Thalassemia Alpha - Answer Alpha: commonly found in people with ancestry from SE
Asia, India, China, and the Philippines

· Complex inheritance pattern: multiple genes involved

o Silent carrier: one gene affected, asymptomatic normal hgb and RBC

o Alpha minor/trait: two genes affected, carrier, mild anemia, no sx

o Hemoglobin H disease: 3 genes affected, moderately to severely anemic

o Alpha thalassemia major (Hydrops fetalis): four genes affected, leads to premature
births that are either stillborn or die shortly after birth

Thalassemia Beta - Answer Beta: Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, African, or Asian
ancestry

· Autosomal recessive: only 2 genes involved (one from each parent)

o Beta thalassemia minor (trait): one gene affected

o Beta thalassemia intermedia: 2 genes affected, moderate anemia

o Beta thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia): 2 genes affected, severe anemia

Beta thalassemia intermedia - Answer o Moderate microcytic, hypochromic anemia

o Not transfusion dependent

Physical findings - short stature, abnormal facies - due to cranial marrow expansion,
pallor, jaundice, enlarged spleen, liver, heart.

Diagnostics

o Anemia (low hgb)—won't be correctable

o Low MCV

o Normal iron studies

o Hgb electrophoresis (high levels of hgb A2)

Tx - monitor, can progress to major if that happens refer to hematology

Beta thalassemia major - Answer managed by hematology - transfusion, iron chelation

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