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NURO 504 - Module 7 Cardiac Test With Complete Solution
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NURO 504 - Module 7 CardiacTest With Complete Solution
Hypertension - Answer abnormally high blood pressure
RF - Age, genetics, obesity, CAD, stroke, HF, renal failure
DX - Average of two or more readings taken on two or more occasions.
Stage 1 HTN - Answer 130-139/80-89
Plan = lifestyle changes and recheck in 3-6 Mts if ASCVD risk <10%
Lifestyle changes & Meds if ASCVD risk >10% are recheck in 1 month
Stage 2 HTN - Answer 140/90 or above
Secondary HTN signs - Answer liable BP, episodic pallor, dizziness,
OSA - snoring, pheochromocytoma, hypersomnia
Hypokalemia - muscle cramps, weakness
Hyperthyroidism - wt loss, heat intolerance
CKD - facial rounding, easy bruisability
Ideal BP assessment - Answer Client sit for 10 min
No tobacco or caffeine within 30min.
Seated with back against a chair
Legs uncrossed
Forearm resting comfortably
Non pharm HTN management - Answer Wt loss, nutritional counseling, low sodium diet,
exercise, smoking cessation, mod. alcohol consumption
HTN pharm management - Answer 1. Low dose thiazide diuretics
2. ACE inhibitors (more expensive)
3. Calcium channel blockers
4. Beta blockers
, 5. ARBS
White Coat HTN - Answer If blood pressure is ≥ 130 mm Hg but <160 mm Hg systolic or >
80 mm Hg but < 100 mm Hg, HBPM or ABPM can be used to establish the diagnosis; if
white coat hypertension is present, life style modification and annual monitoring with
HBPM or ABPM to detect sustained hypertension
Dyslipidemia - Answer Elevated fat or cholesterol in the blood
RF - obesity, HTN, DM, smoking, preexisting CAD, FH, thyroid disease, CKD, for women -
menopause, age 55+,
Hyperlipidemia screening - Answer ACOG - Low risk women - beginning at 40 & 45
High risk = GDM, PEC, obesity, DM - warrants early screening
Age 20-45 - assess Q 5 years
Men 45-65 - assess Q 1-2 years if no RF for CVD
Women 55-65 - assess Q 1-2 yrs if no RF, but more frequent for RF HTN, smoking Hx.
Older adults 65 - Yearly
1. evaluate RF 2. obtain a complete lipid panel after an overnight fast - LDL, HDL, total
cholesterol 3. Calculate ASCVD 10 yr risk factor
Hyperlipidemia Plan - Non pharmacologic - Answer diet changes - fat between 25-35% of
total calories & add fiber, stop smoking, increase exercise. If no fam Hx & LDL under
160 and non known cardiac factors - can defer meds for 3-6 Mts to see if lifestyle
changes help
Hyperlipidemia - Pharm - Answer Initiated base on LDL levels and risk profile
High intensity - lowers LDL by 50% or more
1. LDL over 190
2. Prevention of atherosclerotic CVD in pt with DM age 40-75 with LDL 70-189
3. ASCVD risk > 7.5% with LDL 70-189, Age 40-75
4. Pts with atherosclerotic CVD
Mod intensity - lowers LDL by 30-50%
Low Intensity - lowers LDL by <30%
F/U labs 6 weeks after initiating therapy
S/E - 30% experience muscle pain,
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