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ABO Terminology Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solution.
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ABO Terminology Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solution.
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ABO TerminologyAccommodation - ANS The eye's ability to adjust its focus from distant to near objects. This
process is achieved by the lens changing its shape. The ability is gradually lost after age 40
(presbyopia.)
Accommodative Insufficiency - ANS The loss of accommodation, or less than the needed
amount of accommodation. Usually begins near age 40.
Acuity - ANS The clearness of eyesight; the keenness of the visual powers.
Adnexa - ANS The accessory structures of the eye, including the eyelids, lacrimal gland,
lacrimal ducts etc.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD, AMD, or ARM) - ANS A major cause of central
vision loss which, in about 70% of the cases, is associated with aging and the breakdown of the
retinal structures at the macula.
Albinism - ANS Congenital deficiency or absence of pigment (color) in the skin, hair, choroid,
retina and iris.
ALK - ANS Automated lamellar keratoplasty (removal of a part of the central corneal stroma) to
effect a change on the refractive error.
Amaurosis - ANS Blindness, either partial or total.
Amblyopia - ANS Sometimes referred to as "lazy eye,"a condition of diminished visual acuity in
the absence of any detectable anatomic or physiologic cause.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z87.1 - ANS The American National Standards
Institute's Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection; eyewear that
meets this standard is considered safer than eyewear that does not meet the standard.
Ametropia - ANS Defective vision that is correctable by eyeglasses or contact lenses. Usually
due to a refractive condition in which parallel rays do not focus on the retina; manifestation of
refractive error.
Amsler Grid - ANS A hand held chart featuring equally spaced horizontal and vertical lines,
usually white on black background, used to detect central visual field defects.
Aniseikonia - ANS A condition in which the image sizes in each eye are different, leading to
difficulties in achieving single vision. Symptoms are headaches and dizziness.
,Anisocoria - ANS Different-sized pupils in each eye.
Anisometropia - ANS Greek meaning "not the same correction," significant difference in
correction between the two eyes. This may cause eye strain and double vision (diplopia).
Anterior Chamber - ANS The space in front of the iris and behind the cornea.
Antimetropia - ANS One eye nearsighted; the other farsighted.
Antioxidants - ANS Micronutrients which destroy or neutralize free radicals, molecules which
have been implicated as one causative factor in the simulation of abnormal cellular reproduction
(cancer) and cellular destruction (aging).
Anti-Reflective Coating - ANS Anti-reflective coatings reduce glare and enhance your
appearance by removing distracting reflections.
Aphakia - ANS Condition of the eye with crystalline lens removed or missing due to trauma.
Also refers to post-cataract patients who have had cataract surgery.
Aphakia Spectacles - ANS Thick, plus-powered eyeglasses that were once the standard optical
correction following extraction of cataract. The glasses were cumbersome and greatly distorted
peripheral vision. Today, an intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in the eye after the cataract is
removed to replace the focusing power of the natural lens eliminating the need for aphakic
spectacles.
Aqueous Humor - ANS Also known as aqueous fluid: clear, watery fluid that flows between and
nourishes the lens and the cornea.
Arteriosclerosis - ANS A chronic disease of the arteries characterized by the thickening or
hardening of the arterial walls impairing blood circulation.
ARMD (Age Related Macular Degeneration) - ANS Degeneration of the photoreceptors in the
macular (central) region of the retina resulting in decreased central vision.
Asthenopia - ANS A group of symptoms generally referred to as "eye strain." Included are:
headaches, tearing, "tired eyes," itching, burning and blurred vision.
Astigmatism - ANS A condition that occurs when the front surface of the eye (the cornea) is
slightly irregular shape prevents light from focusing properly on the back of the eye (the retina).
As a result, vision may be blurred at all distances.
Astigmatic Keratotomy (AK) - ANS An incisional refractive surgical technique in which
transverse incisions are made in the cornea to reduce or eliminate astigmatism.
, Bifocal Lens - ANS Lens with two focal lengths, one for distance and one for near. Usually the
distance correction is on top and the correction for near is on the bottom.
Binocular Vision - ANS The simultaneous use of the two eyes. Yields a stereoscopic image and
depth perception.
Blended Lens - ANS While traditional multifocal lenses have a line in the middle of the lens,
progressive lenses are line-free. The power gradually changes from distance correction to
intermediate vision (at arm's length), to near vision (at reading distance), moving invisibly from
the top to the bottom of the lens.
Blind Spot - ANS 1 ) A small area of the retina where the optic nerve enters the eye; occurs
normally in all eyes.
2 ) Any gap in the visual field corresponding to an area of the retina where no visual cells are
present.
Cataract - ANS Clouding of part or all of the lens inside the eye, resulting in blurred or distorted
vision.
Cataract Lens - ANS Lens used following cataract; once widely used for post-cataract patients;
however, IOL (intraocular) lenses are now the most commonly used replacement for the
removal of crystalline lens, eliminating the necessity for cataract lenses.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) - ANS The monitor or display screen of a computer. Special
computer eyeglasses are available to increase or enhance vision while viewing computer
screens.
Choroid - ANS The layer in the eye filled with blood vessels that nourishes the retina.
Chromatic - ANS Of or pertaining to color.
Ciliary Muscle - ANS The eye's focusing muscle that allows the crystalline lens to perform its
function of accommodation.
Coloboma - ANS A defect of the iris caused by a failure of the eyeball to fuse properly during
fetal development. These are developmental anomalies and do not worsen as the child grows
older.
Color Blindness - ANS Also known as color deficiency, the inability to recognize colors.
Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) - ANS The variety of eye and vision-related problems
associated with prolonged computer use; characterized by eyestrain, blurred vision, headaches
and dry or irritated eyes.
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