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Psy 254 Chapter 11 and 13 Notes

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Course
Psy 254

Institution
University Of Rhode Island

Book
Abnormal Psychology

This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Chapter 11 and 12: Substance Abuse and Addictive Disorders; Sexual Disorders and Gender Variations for Psy 254. *Essential Study Material!! *For you at a price that's fair enough!!

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Uploaded on September 19, 2024
Number of pages 11
Written in 2021/2022
Type Class notes
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Contains All classes

psy 254
class notes
autumn
spring
fall
rhode island
kingston
behavior problems
personality disorders
personality
disorders
addictive
sexual
gender variation
lecture notes
university of rhode island

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CHAPTER 11 – Substance Abuse and Addictive Disorders
- Many consumed substances cause harm or disruption to behavior or mood
o Overall cost of substance misuse is $740 billion in the U.S. along (combing costs of crime,
lost work productivity, and health care)
o 135 million people in the U.S. have used cocaine, heroin, or another illegal substance; 32
million have used illegal substances with past month
o One-quarter of all teenagers have used an illegal substance
- In any given year, 7.4% of all teens and adults in the U.S. more than 20 million, have a substance
use disorder
o American Indians have the highest rate of substance use disorders in the U.S. (10.1%)
o Asian Americans: 4.8%
o Non-hispanic white Americans, Hispanic Americans, African Americans have rates
between 6.9%-7.7%
o Only 18.4% of all those with SUD receive treatment from a mental health professional
- Drug
o Any substance other than food affecting our bodies or minds, including alcohol, tobacco,
and caffeine
- Substance intoxication
o Cluster of changes in behavior, emotion, or thought caused by substances (DSM-5)
- SUD
o Maladaptive behavior patterns and reactions caused by repeated substance abuse
- SUD: Checklist
o Individual displays a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant
impairment or distress
o Presence de of at least 2 of the following symptoms within a 1-year period
 Substance often taken in larger amounts
 Unsuccessful efforts to reduce or control substance use
 Much time spent trying to obtain, use, or recover from the effects of substance
use
 Failure to fulfill major role obligations
 Continued use despite persistent interpersonal problems
 Reduction of important activities
 Continuing use in dangerous situations
 Continued use despite worsening of physical or psychological problems
 Craving for substance
 Tolerance effects
 Withdrawal reactions
- Tolerance
o Need for increasing doses of substances to produce desired effect
- Withdrawal
o Unpleasant and sometimes dangerous symptoms occurring weigh drug stopping or
cutting back
- Substances fall into several categories: depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and cannabis
o Can be ingested in various ways (inhaling, snorting, swallowing, injecting, etc.)
o Each form of ingestion can pose significant physical problems
 Especially chronic users

, Depressants
- Slow the activity of the CNS
o Reduce tension and inhibitions
o May interfere with judgment, motor activity, and concentrations
- Most widely used depressants
o Alcohol
o Sedative-hypnotic drug
o Opioids
- Alcohol
o 2 billion people worldwide consume alcohol
o More than half in the U.S. drink alcoholic beverages
o All alcoholic beverages contain ethyl alcohol
 Absorbed into the blood through the stomach lining
 Takes effect in bloodstream and CNS
o Extent of the effect of ethyl alcohol is determined by its concentration (proportion) in
the blood; intoxication = 0.09%
o Level of impairment is closely tied to the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the blood
o Effects of alcohol subside only after alcohol is metabolized by the liver
o Alcohol increases the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA at key sites in the brain
o Gender affects blood alcohol concentration
 Women feel affect stronger/faster than men
- Alcohol use
o Middle schoolers: 25% report some use
o High school seniors: 29% drink monthly; 2% drink daily
o College students: 38% engage in monthly binge drinking
- Alcohol use disorder (AUD/Alcoholism)
o U.S. population older than 11 years: 5.4%
o Teenagers: 2.3%
o Men vs. women: 2:1
o Ethnic differences
o Clinical picture
 Regular consumption and reliance affects cognition, social life, and work
behaviors
 Individual alcoholism patterns vary
 Damage in various structures of the brain and, correspondingly, impairments in
memory, speed of drinking, attention skills, and balance found in chronic heavy
drinkers
o Tolerance and withdrawal
 Tolerance increases consumption levels
 Variety of negative withdrawal symptoms
 Delirium tremens (DTs)
- What are the personal and social impacts of alcoholism?
o Alcoholism destroys families, social relationships, and careers
 Alcohol plays a role in suicides, homicides, assaults, rapes, and fatal automobile
accidents

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