Summary
Summary Most Life Sciences processes that are examinable (excluding negative feedback mechanisms)
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Memorize the processes in life science in just a few important points
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ProcessesDNA: Code of Life
DNA replication
• DNA double helix unwinds.
• Hydrogen bonds break/Double-stranded DNA unzips, to form two DNA strands.
• Both strands are used as templates
• To form DNA
• Using free DNA nucleotides from the nucleoplasm (A pair with T, G with C)
• The two DNA molecules are now identical to each other.
Transcription
• DNA double helix unwinds.
• Double-stranded DNA unzips/weak hydrogen bonds break to form two DNA strands.
• One strand is used as a template
• To form mRNA
• Using free mRNA nucleotides form the nucleoplasm.
• The mRNA is complementary to DNA and carries the coded message for protein
synthesis.
• The mRNA then moves out of the Nucleus and attach itself to the ribosome.
Translation
• Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid.
• When the codon on the mRNA
• matches the anticodon on the tRNA
• The tRNA brings the required amino acid to the ribosome
• The amino acids attach to each by peptide bonds
• And then the required protein is formed
Meiosis
Crossing-over
• During prophase I, a chromatid from a chromosome of the maternal side overlaps
with a chromatid from the chromosome of the paternal side
• Genetic information is exchanged during this process.
• Each chromosome now has the genetic information of the other.
• This process is called crossing-over.
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