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Water Distribution Exam Need to Know Questions and Answers 2024
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Water Distribution Exam Need to Know
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Water Distribution Exam Need to KnowWhat is the purpose of storage facilities? - answer Storage facilities should be designed
to provide a sufficient amount of water for the average daily demands on the water
supply system and to maintain adequate pressure.
- To meet the needs of fire protection, industrial requirements, and reserve storage.
The storage facility should be able to provide water for ... - answer AVERAGE
DEMANDS
and
PEAK DEMANDS
How To determine a suitable type of storage facility? - answer1. What is the maximum-
day use?
2. What is the maximum-hourly use?
3. What type of pressure will the facility be required to provide and maintain throughout
the system?
4. What size will be necessary to fulfill the requirements for emergencies such as fire
flow?
All storage facilities should be located... - answer above drainage areas and locations
subject to flooding
6 types of Storage Facilities: - answer1. Clear Wells
2. Elevated Tanks
3. Standpipes
4. Ground Level Reservoirs
5. Hydro-pneumatic or Pressure Tanks
6. Surge Tanks
Clear Wells: - answerUsed for the storage of filtered water from a treatment plant.
This type of storage facility will allow a filter plant to operate continuously at an average
flow rate and place neither fluctuating nor excessive demands of the filters. Clear wells
store excess water when the demand for water is low and supply additional water when
the demand is high.
They may be located below the ground surface and are often made of concrete.
Elevated Tanks: - answerThey are elevated above the service zone and are used
primarily to maintain an adequate and fairly uniform pressure to that service zone. They
are often installed where the land is flat. Elevated tanks are used to:
a. Eliminate the need for continuous pumping
, b. Minimize variations in distribution system water pressures due to short-term
shutdowns of power or pumps
c. Equalized the water pressure in the distribution system by the proper location of the
tanks
d. Provide a small amount of water for storage (especially to meet demands such as
fires), and
e. Reduce auxiliary power requirements.
What is one limitation of the elevated tank ? - answerThe pressure in the distribution
system may vary with the water level in the tank.
Standpipes: - answerTanks that stand on the ground and have a height greater than
their diameter. For example, a tank that has the following dimensions is a standpipe: 10
foot diameter and height of 20 feet. They may be steel or concrete. They are usually
located on high ground or near a well field or at a point in the distribution system where
equalizing storage is needed.
Standpipes are used to lower fire insurance costs of consumers
When compared to elevated storage tanks, standpipes are preferred because they are:
- answera. Easier to maintain
b. More accessible for observation and sampling to determine the quality of the stored
water
c. Safer to work around,
d. Less objectionable from and aesthetic viewpoint
Ground Level Reservoirs: - answerMost ground level reservoirs are constructed of
concrete and are either circular or rectangular in shape.
May be buried in the ground or located on the ground surface.
Reservoirs should be covered to reduce the possibility of contamination. These
reservoirs are located above the service area to maintain the required pressures.
Runoff water and debris must not enter the reservoir and contaminate the water.
Overflow and air vents should be screened so that animals and debris cannot enter the
reservoir.
Vents must be adequate and never be blocked. Properly functioning vents are essential
to prevent a pressure ? developing the reservoir when it fills or a vacuum when it
empties or is drained.
Reservoirs must be fenced.
Hydro pneumatic or Pressure Tanks - answerA hydropneumatic tank contains a system
in which a water pump is controlled by the pressure in a tank partially filled with water.
This type of facility is usually found in smaller water systems. Hydropneumatic tanks are
used with a well or a booster pump in water supply systems that do not have a storage
reservoir. The tank is used to maintain water pressures in the system and to control
operation of the pump. They must contain the proper amount of air to be effective.
The recommended water to air ratio is approximately two-thirds water to one-third air.
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