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Human Biology Exam 2 Chapter 5-8 with 100% correct answers
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Human Biology Exam 2 Chapter 5-8 with 100% correct answers
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Human Biology Exam 2 Chapter 5-8Vena Cava - Carries oxygen-poor blood that is relatively high in carbon dioxide which enters the right
atrium
Right atrium - Send blood through the Right AV valve to the right ventricle
Right ventricle - Sends blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk and
through the two pulmonary arteries to the lungs
Four pulmonary veins - Carry oxygen-rich blood from lungs, enters the left atrium
Left atrium - Sends blood through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle
Left ventricle - Sends blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta to the rest of the body
Cardiovascular system - Made up of the heart and blood vessels
The ____ pumps blood through the body. The blood is always contained in the _____. - Heart; blood
vessels
Circulation - Movement of blood through the body
Dissolving blood clots - Biotechnology drug: tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
Treating clogged arteries - -Robotic bypass surgery
-stent placement
-gene therapy using VEGF to encourage new blood vessel growth
,Treating heart Failure - -Implantation of defibrillator
-implantation of left ventricular assist device (in abdomen)
-total artificial heart device
At the venule end of a capillary, blood pressure is ______ than osmotic pressure and fluid moves
_________ the vessel. - Lower ; back into
Almost the ____ amount of fluid that left the vessel returns to it. - Same
However, some excess tissue fluid is always collected by the _______ capillaries. This lymph is returned
to the systemic _____ blood. - Lymphatic ; venous
Blood flow is regulated in all three types of blood vessels through _____ and dilation. - Constriction
Contraction of blood vessels ____ blood flow, while ________ of blood vessels, and dilation, allows free
flow from blood. - Slows ; relaxation
Muscle fibers control the constriction and dilation of vessels. In the capillaries, rings of muscle called
capillary _______ control blood flow. - Sphincters
The directional flow of blood in the veins is controlled with _____, which prevent backward blood flow
when closed, and allow blood to flow only ____ the heart when open. - Valves ; toward
The arterial end of the capillaries has the highest blood pressure because blood is being forced from the
heart to the capillary bed AND the veinous end of the capillary has the highest osmotic pressure because
of the difference in carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations between the capillaries and tissue. - True
The fluids leave the capillaries at the arterial end because - a net filtration pressure of the blood is higher
at the arterial end than it is at the venous end
When the left ventricle contracts, blood is forced into the ____ and then into other systemic arteries
under pressure. - Aorta
, Systolic pressure results from blood being forced into the _____during ventricular systole, and diastolic
pressure is the pressure during ventricular diastole. - Arteries
As blood flows from the aorta into the arteries and arterioles, blood pressure ____. Also, the difference
between systolic and diastolic pressure gradually diminishes. - Falls
Human blood pressure, or the amount of pressure required to stop the flow of blood through an artery,
is measured with a ___________. - Sphygmomanometer
Blood pressure is expressed in millimeters of ______. The reading consists of two numbers that
represent systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively; for example, 120/80. - Mercury
Blood pressure in the _____ is low and by itself is an inefficient means of moving blood back to the
heart, especially from the limbs. When ______ muscles near veins contract, they put pressure on the
veins and the blood they contain. - Veins ; Skeletal
______ prevent the backward flow of blood in veins, and therefore muscle contraction is sufficient to
move blood toward the heart. - Valves
Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of early death in Western countries, includes _______ , or high
blood pressure, and _______, or plaques inside blood vessels. - Hypertension ; atherosclerosis
These issues can lead to _____ or stroke, or even the bursting of a blood vessel, called an aneurysm. -
Heart Attack
Though aspects of cardiovascular disease can be _____, other factors are at play as well; lifestyle choices
like ____, exercise, and activities such as smoking also influence cardiovascular health. - Genetic ; diet
Plaque in the blood vessels can find their beginnings in bacterial or viral infections such as those
associated with _____ or ulcers. - Gum disease
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