Adv. Pharm NURS 8024 Week 1
Questions & Answers
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWERwhat the body does to the drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWERwhat the drug does to the body
Toxicology - ANSWERThe undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWERdynamic that achieves the desired therapeutic effect
of the drug without causing other undesirable effects
Legend drugs - ANSWERanother name for prescription drugs
Pharmacogenomics - ANSWERthe study of genetically determined variations in the
response to drugs
Pharmacologic Agonist - ANSWERagent binds to and activates the
receptor - directly or indirectly causing an effect, full or partial agonists
Pharmacological Antagonist - ANSWERAgent binds to receptor-completes with other
molecules and prevents binding by other molecules-it inhibits other molecules from
binding
Pro-drug - ANSWERAn inactive percursor chemical-must be abosorbed and distributed
and converted to the active form of the drug by biologic processes.
What is ADME? - ANSWERAbsorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Absorption - ANSWERentry of pharmacologic agent into plasma
Distribution - ANSWERagent leaves the bloodstream and distributes to interstitial and
intracellular fluids
Metablosim - ANSWERchemical processes that occur to make the drug useful in the
bloodstream--done by the liver, kidney, or other tissue
Ellimination - ANSWERLeaving the body-via urine, bile, feces, lungs, sweat, breast milk
, 2 Major Administration Routes - ANSWER1. Enteral -most common, easy, cheap-BUT
drug absorption pathways can be complicated
2. Parenteral-IV, fast, more expensive, once in-cannot get back
Enteral drug administration - ANSWERoral, sublingual, rectal
drug absorption pathways complicated
**First-pass metabolism can limit the amount of drug that enters systemic circulation
influenced by food and other drugs
What is first pass metabolism? - ANSWERThe concentration of drug is greatly reduced
BEFORE reaching systemic circulation. This mainly involves liver enzymes, but also
includes gastric enzymes, gut wall enzymes, and bacterial enzymes. Bioavaliability is
reduced.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQQns7RAUzA
Parenteral drug administration - ANSWER-IV, IM, SubQ
- More control over actual dose of drug
- Directly into systemic circulation-bypass first pass metabolism
- used for drugs poorly absorbed by GI
-Rapid onset of action
-Disadvantage: cannot take the drug back, infection risk
Inhalation route of administration - ANSWERRapid delivery, large surface area, good for
gases, aerolsols, respiratory drugs
Rectal Route of administration - ANSWER50% of circulatory drainage BYPASSES
portal circulation
Meaning: Less first pass effect
Drug Transport Methods: - ANSWERPassive diffusion (no E needed)
Active transport (requires E)
Endocytosis
Passive diffusion (simple diffusion) - ANSWERno energy needed, related to
concentration gradient across membrane, HIGHER concentration goes to LOWER
concentration
Active Transport - ANSWERrequires energy (ATP), Able to move drug from LOWER to
HIGHER concentration
Endocytosis - ANSWERTransport large molecules
Engulfment of drug molecule by cell membrane and transport into cell
Exocytosis - ANSWERProcess by which a cell releases large amounts of material
Drug Absorption - ANSWERDrugs are typically weak acids or weak bases
Questions & Answers
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWERwhat the body does to the drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWERwhat the drug does to the body
Toxicology - ANSWERThe undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWERdynamic that achieves the desired therapeutic effect
of the drug without causing other undesirable effects
Legend drugs - ANSWERanother name for prescription drugs
Pharmacogenomics - ANSWERthe study of genetically determined variations in the
response to drugs
Pharmacologic Agonist - ANSWERagent binds to and activates the
receptor - directly or indirectly causing an effect, full or partial agonists
Pharmacological Antagonist - ANSWERAgent binds to receptor-completes with other
molecules and prevents binding by other molecules-it inhibits other molecules from
binding
Pro-drug - ANSWERAn inactive percursor chemical-must be abosorbed and distributed
and converted to the active form of the drug by biologic processes.
What is ADME? - ANSWERAbsorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Absorption - ANSWERentry of pharmacologic agent into plasma
Distribution - ANSWERagent leaves the bloodstream and distributes to interstitial and
intracellular fluids
Metablosim - ANSWERchemical processes that occur to make the drug useful in the
bloodstream--done by the liver, kidney, or other tissue
Ellimination - ANSWERLeaving the body-via urine, bile, feces, lungs, sweat, breast milk
, 2 Major Administration Routes - ANSWER1. Enteral -most common, easy, cheap-BUT
drug absorption pathways can be complicated
2. Parenteral-IV, fast, more expensive, once in-cannot get back
Enteral drug administration - ANSWERoral, sublingual, rectal
drug absorption pathways complicated
**First-pass metabolism can limit the amount of drug that enters systemic circulation
influenced by food and other drugs
What is first pass metabolism? - ANSWERThe concentration of drug is greatly reduced
BEFORE reaching systemic circulation. This mainly involves liver enzymes, but also
includes gastric enzymes, gut wall enzymes, and bacterial enzymes. Bioavaliability is
reduced.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQQns7RAUzA
Parenteral drug administration - ANSWER-IV, IM, SubQ
- More control over actual dose of drug
- Directly into systemic circulation-bypass first pass metabolism
- used for drugs poorly absorbed by GI
-Rapid onset of action
-Disadvantage: cannot take the drug back, infection risk
Inhalation route of administration - ANSWERRapid delivery, large surface area, good for
gases, aerolsols, respiratory drugs
Rectal Route of administration - ANSWER50% of circulatory drainage BYPASSES
portal circulation
Meaning: Less first pass effect
Drug Transport Methods: - ANSWERPassive diffusion (no E needed)
Active transport (requires E)
Endocytosis
Passive diffusion (simple diffusion) - ANSWERno energy needed, related to
concentration gradient across membrane, HIGHER concentration goes to LOWER
concentration
Active Transport - ANSWERrequires energy (ATP), Able to move drug from LOWER to
HIGHER concentration
Endocytosis - ANSWERTransport large molecules
Engulfment of drug molecule by cell membrane and transport into cell
Exocytosis - ANSWERProcess by which a cell releases large amounts of material
Drug Absorption - ANSWERDrugs are typically weak acids or weak bases
