Test Bank for The Physical Universe, 18th Edition by Konrad
Krauskopf, Elizabeth Shay Carter - All Chapters (1-19 ) 2024 A+
Chapter 1: The Scientific Method
Answers are at the end of each chapter
1) What distinguishes the scientific method from other ways of looking at the natural world is
A) the eternal truth of its laws and theories.
B) its replacement of existing laws and theories at regular intervals.
C) its reliance on the opinions of expert scientists to decide which laws and theories to believe.
D) its reliance on experiment and observation.
2) A regularity in observed data or a relationship between different quantities is usually called a
A) hypothesis.
B) law.
C) theory.
D) model.
3) When first proposed, a scientific idea is usually called a
A) hypothesis.
B) law.
C) theory.
D) model.
4) Scientific theories
A) must be constantly reviewed to see whether they are in accord with new experimental
observations.
B) represent guesses that have not yet been compared with observational data.
C) are summaries of particular experiments.
D) are laws of nature not subject to revision.
5) Living things
A) were created as they are today several thousand years ago.
B) were created as they are today several billion years ago.
C) were created several thousand years ago and have evolved since then.
D) have evolved throughout the earth's history.
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6) The object in the sky that lies very nearly on an extension of the earth's axis is
A) the sun.
B) the moon.
C) Mercury.
D) Polaris.
7) The stars in a constellation
A) are about the same age.
B) are about the same distance from the earth.
C) form a pattern in the sky as seen from the earth.
D) are members of the solar system.
8) The time at which a given star rises above the horizon each night is
A) earlier than the night before.
B) the same as the night before.
C) later than the night before.
D) Any of the choices, depending on which star is involved.
9) Relative to the stars, the moon seems to move
A) northward.
B) southward.
C) eastward.
D) westward.
10) A year is the time needed for
A) the sun to migrate completely around the sky.
B) the moon to migrate completely around the sky.
C) the earth to turn completely on its axis.
D) None of the choices are correct.
11) A week is the time needed for
A) the sun to drift completely around the sky.
B) the moon to drift completely around the sky.
C) the earth to turn completely on its axis.
D) None of the choices are correct.
12) A day is the time needed for
A) the sun to drift completely around the sky.
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B) the moon to drift completely around the sky.
C) the earth to turn completely on its axis.
D) None of the choices are correct.
13) The length of the year is
A) slightly less than 365 days.
B) exactly 365 days.
C) slightly more than 365 days.
D) Any of these choices, depending on the year.
14) A planet that cannot be seen with the unaided eye is
A) Neptune.
B) Jupiter.
C) Mars.
D) Mercury.
15) Arrange the following planets in the order of their distance from the sun.
1. Venus
2. Mars
3. Earth
4. Mercury
A) 4, 1, 3, 2
B) 1, 4, 3, 2
C) 2, 3, 1, 4
D) 3, 2, 4, 1
16) In which one of the following is the earth assumed to be the center of the universe?
A) the Ptolemaic system
B) the Copernican system
C) Kepler's laws of planetary motion
D) Newton's law of gravity
17) The discovery that the planetary orbits are ellipses rather than circles was made by
A) Ptolemy.
B) Copernicus.
C) Kepler.
D) Newton.
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18) Kepler modified
A) the Ptolemaic system.
B) the Copernican system.
C) Newton's law of gravity.
D) the theory of the tides.
19) The period of the earth's orbit around the sun is
A) one day.
B) one week.
C) one month.
D) one year.
20) The time needed for a planet to orbit the sun
A) is the same for all planets.
B) depends on the size of the planet.
C) depends on the mass of the planet.
D) depends on the average distance of the planet from the sun.
21) The speed of a planet in its orbit
A) is always the same.
B) is least when it is closest to the sun.
C) is highest when it is closest to the sun.
D) Any of these choices, depending on the planet.
22) Astrology
A) provides a scientific basis for planning our lives.
B) correctly predicts the future.
C) is based on the scientific method.
D) is a pseudoscience.
23) The scientist who showed that gravity accounts for Kepler's laws of planetary motion was
A) Newton.
B) Brahe.
C) Einstein.
D) Galileo.
24) Gravity is not
A) a fundamental force.
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