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NUSC 3230 Midterm Exam Study Guide
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NUSC 3230 Midterm Exam StudyGuide
What is community? - Answer a grouping of people residing in a specific locality who
interact and connect through a definite social structure to fulfill a wide range of daily
needs
4 characteristics of community? - Answer - People
- Location in space
- Social Interaction
- Shared Values
3 Main Components of Community Nutrition? - Answer Policies, Programs, People
People - Answer Individuals who will benefit from community nutrition programs and
services
Policy - Answer Course of action chosen by public authorities to address a given
problem, accomplished through laws, regulations, and programs
Programs - Answer Instruments used to seek behavior changes that improve nutritional
status and health
Leading causes of death globally? - Answer Coronary heart disease, cancer, chronic
lung diseases, stroke (most of these are due to the food we consume in a lifetime)
The Health Continuum - Answer - The presence of disease, impairment, or disability at
one end of the spectrum
- Freedom from disease or injury at the other
- Well population --> at risk --> established and controlled chronic disease populations
Types of disease prevention - Answer - Primary: Prevent disease occurrence
- Secondary: Detect disease early/control risk factors
- Tertiary: Reduce disability from disease (self-management and continued care)
Health Promotion/Intervention - Answer - The process of enabling people to achieve
their maximum potential for good health
- Focuses on lifestyle (behavior) change to work toward positive health behaviors
,- Involves an intervention
Determinants of health - Answer the range of personal, social, economic, and
environmental factors that influence health status
Social Ecological Model - Answer Individual, interpersonal, organizational, community,
public policy
- Focus on the nature of people's interactions with their surrounding physical and
sociocultural environments
Social Ecological Model accomplishes 2 things: - Answer (1) Focus on the nature of
people's interactions with their surrounding physical and sociocultural environments
(2) Emphasize multiple levels of influence: individual, interpersonal,
institutional/organizational, community, and structures, policies, and systems
Healthy People 2020 - Answer Higher quality, longer lives, health equity, social and
physical environments, genetic perspectives, etc.
- In 2030: want to ELIMINATE health disparities, full potential for health, engage
leadership, institutions, the public, etc.
Community Nutrition Practice - Answer - Policy
- Program Management
- Cost (making decisions with scarce resources)
- Population Reach (Who? How? Intended Effect?)
Community vs. Public Health Nutrition - Answer - Community Nutrition: any nutrition
program whose target is the community, whether the program is funded by the federal
government or sponsored by a private group
- Public Health Nutrition: community-based programs conducted by a government
agency whose official mandate is the delivery of health services to individuals living in a
particular area
Examples of Practice Settings for Community Dietitians/Public Health Nutritionists -
Answer Day care centers, food companies, non-profits, hospitals, gyms, federal
agencies, etc.
- Not Universities (faculty members, cooperative extension agencies)
- Community dietitians are always RDs or LDs (licensed dietitians)
- Public health nutritionists need a background in nutritional sciences
Role of the community nutritionist? - Answer NHANES, food programs, research, policy,
etc.
,- Involves entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs (corporate employee that is
creative/innovative)
- Clickit in Willimantic, Black church food security network
21st Century Challenges - Answer Obesity epidemic, environmental, global warming,
lack of water or resources, etc.
Community Needs Assessment - Answer process of evaluating the health and nutrition
status of a community
1. health and nutrition needs
2. places where needs are not being met
3. what can be done to improve problem(s)
Community Needs Assessment Triggers - Answer - Need for new data due to outdated
or missing data about health and nutritional status of community
- Mandate from state or federal agency
- Research findings
- Raised awareness in community
- Availability of funds
Steps of Community Needs Assessment - Answer 1. Identify data needs
2. Data plan
3. Collect data
4. Analyze and interpret data
5. Share findings
6. Set priorities
7. Create an action plan
Step 1: Setting the Parameters of the Assessment - Answer Parameters set the direction
for the assessment
- Define community
- Determine the purpose of the needs assessment
- Understand the target population
- Set goals and objectives for the needs assessment
, - Prioritize pressing needs and check for existing resources/programs
Goals vs. Objectives - Answer - Goals are broad statements stating the overall
accomplishments of a program
- Objectives are specific statements --> goal
Step 2: Develop a Data Collection Plan - Answer - It is important to observe the
community and listen to its members prior to developing a program
- Specify the types of data needed
- Three basic categories: Community data, Community environment and background
conditions, Target population data
Step 3: Collect Data - Answer What would you want to collect?
- Community health data, demographics, economic data, sociocultural data, etc.
- Sources like Federal agencies (US Census, USDA, CDC), local or state levels, social
welfare agencies, International (WHO)
Environmental and background conditions - Answer Food availability, health systems
(insurance), housing, policies, recreation, social and cultural conditions, transportation,
water supply
Existing data - Answer large or small-scale surveys, periodicals (Academy of Nutrition
and Dietetics)
New data - Answer simple, cost-effective, reasonable time frame
Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) - Answer a type of survey instrument used to characterize a
population's general health status
Screening - Answer Done to compare values to risk levels
Focus Groups - Answer A group of 5-12 people who are asked to share concerns,
experiences, beliefs, opinions, problems
- Helpful for: Assessing needs, Generating information, Developing plans, Testing new
programs and ideas, Improving existing programs, and Evaluating outcomes
Key Informants - Answer People who have a leadership position or interact with a target
population, and can provide info on behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and lifestyle factors
Direct Assessment of Nutrition Status - Answer -Diet history
-Twenty-four-hour recall
-Diet record
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