CTSP REAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT SOLUTIONS || LATEST UPDATE

CTSP REAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT SOLUTIONS || LATEST UPDATE Malware - ANSWER software designed to infiltrate a computer system and possibly damage it without the user's knowledge or consent Virus - ANSWER code that runs on a computer without the user's knowledge; it infects the computer when the code is accessed and executed (love bug virus) Worm - ANSWER like a virus except that it self-replicates, whereas a virus does not (nimda, propagated through network shares and mass e-mailing) Trojan Horse - ANSWER appear to perform desirable functions but are actually performing malicious functions behind the scenes (remote access trojan, plugx) Remote Access Trojan (RAT) - ANSWER their capability to allow an attacker higher administration privileges than those of the owner of the system makes them quite dangerous; most common type of Trojan Ransomware - ANSWER a type of malware that restricts access to a computer system and demands that a ransom be paid; also known as crypto-malware, it encrypts files and/or locks the system (often propagated via a trojan, cryptolocker) Spyware - ANSWER malicious software either downloaded unwittingly from a website or installed along with some other thirdparty software; usually collects information without the user's consent (internet optimizer - dyfuca) Adware - ANSWER usually falls into the realm of spyware because it pops up advertisements based on what it has learned from spying on the user Grayware - ANSWER describes applications that are behaving improperly but without serious consequences Rootkit - ANSWER a type of software designed to gain administrator-level control over a computer system without being detected (boot loader rootkits, evil maid attack, alureon) Spam - ANSWER the abuse of electronic messaging systems such as e-mail, texting, social media, broadcast media, instant messaging, and so on (identity theft e-mails [phishing], lottery scam e-mails) Threat Vector - ANSWER the method that a threat uses to access a target is known Attack Vector - ANSWER the means by which an attacker gains access to a computer in order to deliver malicious software; most common is via software Typosquatting - ANSWER when a user is attempting to access a website but types the incorrect domain name by mistake and the user is redirected to an altogether unwanted website that's malicious in nature Botnet - ANSWER malware distributed throughout the internet by a group of compromised computers Zombie - ANSWER the individual compromised computers in the botnet Active Interception - ANSWER normally includes a computer placed between the sender and the receiver to capture and possibly modify information Privilege Escalation - ANSWER the act of exploiting a bug or design flaw in a software or firmware application to gain access to resources that normally would've been protected from an application or user Backdoors - ANSWER used in computer programs to bypass normal authentication and other security mechanisms in place Logic Bomb - ANSWER code that has been inserted into software; it is meant to initiate one of many types of malicious functions when specific criteria are met Time Bomb - ANSWER trojans set off on a certain date Open Mail Relay - ANSWER enables anyone on the internet to send e-mail through the SMTP server; should either be closed or configured in such a way that only customers and properly authenticated users can use them Types of Viruses - ANSWER -boot sector -macro -program -encrypted -polymorphic -metamorphic -stealth -armored -multipartite Boot Sector - ANSWER initially loads into the first sector of the hard drive; when the computer boots, the virus then loads into memory Macro - ANSWER usually placed in documents and e-mailed to users in the hopes that the users will open the document, thus executing the virus Program - ANSWER infects executable files Encrypted - ANSWER uses a simple cipher to encrypt itself; the virus consists of an encrypted copy of the virus code (to help avoid detection) and a small decryption module Polymorphic - ANSWER builds on the concept of an encrypted virus, but the decrypting module is modified with each infection; it can change every time it is executed in an attempt to avoid antivirus detection Metamorphic - ANSWER similar to polymorphic but rewrites itself completely each time it is going to infect a new file in a further attempt to avoid detection Stealth - ANSWER uses various techniques to go unnoticed by antivirus programs Armored - ANSWER protects itself from antivirus programs by tricking the program into thinking that it is located in a different place from where it actually resides; essentially, it has a layer of protection that it can use against the person who tries to analyze it Multipartite - ANSWER a hybrid of boot and program viruses that attacks the boot sector or system files first and then attacks the other files on the system Removal of Malware - ANSWER 1. identify malware symptoms 2. quarantine infected systems 3. disable system restore (in windows) 4. remediate infected systems: a. update anti-ware software b. use scan and removal techniques (for example, Safe Mode and preinstallation environments) 5. schedule scans and run updates 6. enable system restore and create a restore point (in Windows) 7. educate end users Prevention technique: Virus - ANSWER -run and update antivirus software -scan the entire system periodically -update the operating system -use a firewall Prevention technique: Worm - ANSWER -run and update antivirus software -scan the entire system periodically Prevention technique: Trojan Horse - ANSWER -run and update antivirus software -scan the entire system periodically -run a Trojan scan periodically Prevention technique: Spyware - ANSWER -run and update anti-spyware -scan the entire system periodically -adjust web browser settings -consider technologies that discourage spyware Prevention technique: Rootkit - ANSWER -run and update antivirus software -use rootkit detector programs Prevention technique: Spam - ANSWER -use a spam filter -configure whitelists and blacklists -close open mail relays -train your users Mirepoix - ANSWER Roughly cut pieces Macedoine - ANSWER Dice Jaredinere - ANSWER Batons Julienne - ANSWER Thin strips Paysanne - ANSWER Thin, flat cuts of triangles, squares or rounds Brunoise - ANSWER Very fine dice Peel - ANSWER Remove skins from fruit or vegetables Skin - ANSWER Remove skin for poultry, meat or fish Chop - ANSWER Cut food into pieces Slice - ANSWER Cut into thin pieces the width of the food Dice - ANSWER Cut into cubes Chiffonade - ANSWER Thinly shredded foods Segment - ANSWER Citrus fruit removed from the membrane and skin Blanche 1 - ANSWER To cook food lightly in boiling water then plunge into cold water to retain colour Blanche 2 - ANSWER To plunge veg or fruit into boiling water then refreshed to allow peel to be removed Blanche 3 - ANSWER To place food in cold water, bring to boil to whiten (meats) Blanche 4 - ANSWER Cooking of potatoes in a deep fat fryer until soft but not coloured Blanche 5 - ANSWER To cook lightly to render limp (leaves) Concasse - ANSWER Coarsely chopped Pureé - ANSWER Cook fruits/vegetables , soups etc. passed through a sieve or processed using a hand blender Marinate - ANSWER Meats/vegetables/fruits soaked in a flavoursome mixture to enhance taste before cooking Strain - ANSWER To separate liquid from the solid by passing through a sieve or strainer pass - ANSWER To cause food to go through a sieve Grate - ANSWER To shred food into small pieces coat - ANSWER To add a thin layer of flor, oatmeal etc to delicate foods before frying Pane - ANSWER Food is coated in flour, egg then breadcrumbs or another suitable coating Mix - ANSWER Combine ingredients Blend - ANSWER To mix together dry ingredients with a liquid to make a paste Whisk - ANSWER Vigorous beating of ingredients such as eggs to increase volume Cream - ANSWER Working Butter and sugar together until light and fluffy fold - ANSWER Incorporating one ingredient into another to prevent losing air Rub-in - ANSWER Mixing fat and flour to create breadcrumb texture knead - ANSWER Manipulation of doughs to achieve correct texture Roll out - ANSWER Using a rolling pin to level and shape pastry to a required thickness