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Summary Basic Information on Carbohydrate
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Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, with the empirical formula CH2O. They serve structural roles in bacterial and algal cell walls, lubricating joints, and adhesion between cells. There are three types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosac...

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Document information

  • September 20, 2024
  • 3
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary

Subjects

  • carbohydrate
  • polyhydroxy aldehydes
  • ketones
  • monosaccharide
  • oligosaccharides
  • polysaccharides

Written for

  • Secondary school
  • Biology
  • 1
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Carbohydrate
Definition of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or substances that yield
such compounds on hydrolysis. Many, but not all, carbohydrates have the
empirical formula (CH2O) n; some also contain nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur.
Function of carbohydrates
 Stored Forms of Fuel
 Serve Structural Roles
 Bacterial and algal cell wall formation
 Components of the Extracellular Matrix.


 Certain carbohydrates (sugar and starch) are a dietary staple in most parts of
the world
 Insoluble carbohydrate polymers serve as structural and protective elements
in the cell walls of bacteria and plants and in the connective tissues of
animals.
 Carbohydrate polymers lubricate skeletal joints and participate in
recognition and adhesion between cells.
Most carbohydrates found in nature occur as polysaccharides, also called glycans
 Homopolysaccharides
 Heteropolysaccharides

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