NBME CBSE USMLE-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/
Latest (2024/2025)
Type II pneumocytes - ✔✔surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - ✔✔Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - ✔✔Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - ✔✔Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - ✔✔Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - ✔✔macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - ✔✔Lysine interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - ✔✔Air pressure = 0
,Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - ✔✔Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - ✔✔LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - ✔✔emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - ✔✔DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - ✔✔pulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - ✔✔Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
A-a, FVC, FEV1, EFR - ✔✔Airway widening due to *radial traction* from fibrosis
*increase Aa*
decreased FVC & FEV1
*Increased EFR*
Sarcoidosis - ✔✔*Th1 *noncaseating granulmona
bilateral hilar adenopathy
increased *ACE*
increased IL2, IFNg
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages: vit D --> *HyperCa*
Hyper Ca causes - ✔✔stones, thrones, groans, psych overtones
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages - ✔✔PTH independent conversion of
Calcifediol to *calcitriol* (bioactive Vit D)
Vit D --> Hyper Ca
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - ✔✔*Honeycomb* pattern
loss of Type 1 pneumocytes
*hyperplasia Type II* pneumocytes
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