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NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWER WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWER WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 1QUESTIONS AND ANSWER WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
AtrophyF-FANSWERFE.FCellsFdecreaseFinFsize
P.FStillFfunctional;FimbalanceFbetweenFproteinFsynthesisFandFdegradation.FEssentiallyFthereFisFanFincreaseFi
nFtheFcatabolismFofFintracellularForganelles,FreducingFstructuralFcomponentsFofFcell
Physiologic:FthymusFglandFinFearlyFchildhood
Pathological:FdisuseF(muscleFatrophyFd/FdecreaseFworkload,Fpressure,Fuse,FbloodFsupply,Fnutrition,Fhormo
nalFstimulation,ForFnervousFstimulation)
HyperplasiaF-
FANSWERFE:FcellsFincreaseFinFnumber,FmitosisF(cellFdivision)FmustFoccur,FsizeFofFcellFdoesFnotFchangeF
Phys:FincreasedFrateFofFdivision,FincreaseFinFtissueFmassFafterFdamageForFpartialFresection;FmayFbeFcompen
satory,Fhormonal,ForFpathologic
Patho:FabnormalFproliferationFofFnormalFcellsFusuallyFcausedFbyFincreasedFhormonalFstimulationF(endome
trial).FincreaseFofFproductionFofFlocalFgrowthFfactors
Ex:FremovalFofFpartFofFtheFliverFleadFtoFhyperplasiaFofFhepatocytes.FuterineForFmammaryFglandFenlargeme
ntFduringFpregnancy
DysplasiaF-
FANSWERFE.FNotFtrueFadaptation;FCellsFabnormalFchangeFinFsize,Fshape,ForganizationF(classifiedFasFmild,Fm
oderate,Fsevere)
P.FcausedFbyFcellFinjury/irritation,FcharacterizedFbyFdisorderedFcellFgrowth.FakaFatypicalFhyperplasiaForFpre-
cancer,FaFdisorderlyFproliferation
Physiologic:FN/A
Pathologic:FsquamousFdysplasiaFofFcervixFfromFHPVFshowsFupFonFpapFsmear,FbreastFcancerFdevelopment;F
papFsmearsFoftenFshowFdysplasticFcellsFofFtheFcervixFthatFmustFundergoFlaser/surgicalFtx
MetaplasiaF-FANSWERFE:FreversibleFchange,FoneFtypeFofFcellFchangesFtoFanotherFtypeFforFsurvivalF
P:Freversible;FresultsFfromFexposureFofFtheFcellsFtoFchronicFstressors,Finjury,ForFirritation;FCancerFcanFariseFf
romFthisFarea,FstimulusFinducesFaFreprogrammingFofFstemFcellsFunderFtheFinfluenceFofFcytokinesFandFgrow
thFfactorsF
,Ex:FPatho:FColumnarFcellsFchangeFtoFsquamousFcellsFinFlungsFofFsmokerForFnormalFciliatedFepithelialFcellsFo
fFtheFbronchialFliningsFareFreplacedFbyFstratifiedFsquamousFepithelialFcells.;FPhys:FBarrettFEsophagus-
FnormalFsquamousFcellsFchangeFtoFcolumnarFepithelialFcellsFinFresponseFtoFreflux,FakaFintestinalFmetaplasi
a
HypoxiaFinjuryF-FANSWERFE.FinadequateFoxygenationFofFtissues
P.FdecreaseFinFmitochondrialFfunction,FdecreasedFproductionFofFATPFincreasesFanaerobicFmetabolism.Feve
ntualFcellFdeath.
C.M.Fhypoxia,Fcyanosis,FcognitiveFimpairment,Flethargy
FreeFradicalFandFROSF-
FANSWERFE.FnormalFbyproductFofFATPFproduction,FwillFoverwhelmFtheFmitochondria-
FexhaustFintracellularFantioxidants
P.FlipidFperoxidation,FdamageFproteins,FfragmentFDNA
C.M.FdevelopmentFinFAlzheimer's,FheartFdisease,FParkinson'sFdisease,FAmyotrophicFLateralFSclerosis
EthanolF-FANSWERFE.FmoodFalteringFdrug,FlongFtermFeffectsFonFliverFandFnutritionalFstatus
P.FmetabolizedFbyFliver,FgeneratesFfreeFradicals
C.M.FCNSFdepression,FnutrientFdeficiencies-
Mag,FVitFB6,Fthiamine,FPO4,FinflammationFandFfattyFinfiltrationFofFliver,Fhepatomegaly,FleadsFtoFliverFfailure
Firreversible
OncosisF-
FANSWERFNaFandFH2OFenterFcellFandFcauseFswelling.FOrganFincreasesFinFweight,FbecomesFdistendedFandFp
ale.FAssociatedFwithFhighFfever,Fhypocalcemia,FcertainFinfections
FattyFInfiltrationF-FANSWERFintracellularFaccumulationFofFlipidsFinFtheFliver
liverFfailsFtoFmetabolizeFlipids.FusuallyFfromFETOHForFhighFfatFdiet.FcanFleadFtoFcirrhosis
dystrophicFcalcificationF-FANSWERFaccumulationFofFCaFinFdeadForFdyingFtissues
calciumFsaltFclumpFandFharden-FinterfereFwithFcellularFstructureFandFfunction
r/tFpulmonaryFTB,Fatherosclerosis,FinjuredFheartFvalves,FchronicFpancreatitis
,metastaticFcalcificationF-FANSWERFaccumulationFofFCaFinFnormalFtissue
resultFofFhypercalcemiaFr/tFhyperparathyroidism,Fhyperthyroidism,FtoxicFlevelsFofFVitFD.FCanFalsoFr/tFhyper
phosphatemiaFinFrenalFfailure
urateFaccumulationF-FANSWERFsodiumFurateFcrystalsFareFdepositedFinFtissues-
FgroupFofFdisordersFcollectivelyFcalledFgout-FacuteFarthritis,FchronicFgoutyFarthritis,Ftophus,Fnephritis
CoagulativeFNecrosisF-FANSWERFkidneys,Fheart,Fadrenals-FsecondaryFtoFhypoxia
LiquefactiveFNecrosisF-FANSWERFnerveFcells-Fbrain-FaccumulationFofFpus
CaseousFNecrosisF-FANSWERFlungFdisease-FusuallyFTB-FtissueFlooksFlikeFclumpedFcheese
FatFNecrosisF-FANSWERFbreast,Fpancreas,FabdominalFstructures-FcreatesFsoaps
GangrenousFNecrosisF-FANSWERFDry-FdarkFshriveledFskin
Wet-FinternalForgans-FcanFleadFtoFdeath
Gas-FfromFclostridium-FantitoxinsFandFhyperbaricFtherapy
GoutF-FANSWERFE.FdisturbancesFinFserumFurateFlevels.FuncommonFforF<F30FyearsFold.F
P.FuricFacidFisFdepositedFinFtheFtissuesFofFkidney,Fheart,Fearlobes,FandFjoints.F
C.M.Finflammation,FpainfulFjoints.FresultFofFdiureticFuseForFdietFhighFinFcreamFsauces,FredFwine,ForFredFmea
t
RhabdomyolysisF-
FANSWERFE.FcellFhypoxiaFcausedFbyFsevereFmuscleFtrauma,Fhyperthermia,FcrushFinjuries,ForFsevereFdehydr
ation
P.FhypoxiaFtoFcellFcausesFfailureFofFtheFNa-
KFpump,FcausingFaccumulationFofFintracellularFsodium,Foncosis,FandFeventualFcellFdeath.FCellFdeathFreleas
esFenzymesFsuchFasFCK,FuricFacid,FLDH,FAST,Fetc.
, C.M.FCauses:Ftrauma,Fhyperthermia,FcrushFinjuries,FsevereFdehydration;Fs/s:FCKFisF5xFupperFnormalFlimit,F
muscleFpain,Fweakness,Fdark,Freddish-brownFurine,Fhypercalcemia,FrenalFfailure
AlphaFFetoproteinFOriginF-FANSWERFLiverFandFgermFcellFtumors
CarcinoembryonicFAntigenF-FANSWERFGI,Fpancreas,Flung,FbreastFtumors
ProstateFSpecificFAntigenF-FANSWERFprostateFtumors
Carcino-F-FANSWERFfromFepithelialFtissue-FrenalFcellFcarcinoma
Sarco-F-FANSWERFfromFconnectiveFtissue-Fchondrosarcoma
CarcinomaFinFsituF-FANSWERFpreinvasiveFepithelialFmalignantFtumorsFofFglandularForFsquamousFcells-
Fcervix
LungFcaFmetastasisF-FANSWERFMultipleForgansFincludingFbrain
ColorectalFcaFmetastasisF-FANSWERFLiver,Flungs
TesticularFcaFmetastasisF-FANSWERFLiver,Flungs,Fbrain
ProstateFcaFmetastasisF-FANSWERFBonesF(especiallyFlumbarFspine),Fliver
HeadFandFneckFcaFmetastasisF-FANSWERFLiver,Fbones,Flymphatics
OvarianFcaFmetastasisF-FANSWERFPeritonealFsurfaces,Fdiaphragm,Fomentum,Fliver
SarcomaFmetastasisF-FANSWERFLungs
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