PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM
SOLUTION RATED A+
How does velocity relate to cross sectional area in vessels? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Inversely proportional velocity = 1/cross sectional area, capillaries have the highest
cross sectional and surface area
What component of circulation serve as a blood reservoir? - CORRECT ANSWERS veins
What component of circulation are most distensible(dilated)? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Veins
What does distensible mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS the ability to be distended,
extended, or dilated
What component of circulation contains smooth muscle capable of dilating and
constricting to alter flow or pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Arterioles: constriction
increases arterial pressure but decreases capillary and venous pressure
veins: constriction increases venous return (frank starling)
What component of circulation contains no smooth muscle? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Capillaries
What component of circulation accounts for the highest degree of resistance flow? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Arterioles
What component of circulation accounts for about 2/3 of SVR? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Arterioles
What component of circulation allows exchange between fluid and solutes between
blood and interstitial fluid? - CORRECT ANSWERS Capillaries
How is arterial pressure regulated? - CORRECT ANSWERS by neuronal and hormonal
impulses, independently of local blood flow and cardiac output, varies between a
systolic value (120 mmHg) and diastolic value (80 mmHg)
,PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM
SOLUTION RATED A+
What is mean arterial pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS the average arterial pressure
throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures (increases or decreases) with
the distance from the heart in the large arteries. - CORRECT ANSWERS increases.
Compare laminar vs. turbulent flow - CORRECT ANSWERS - Laminar flow is a
streamline flow where each layer of blood remains at the same distance from the wall.
The central portion of blood stays in the center and has the highest velocity.
- Turbulent flow is flow of blood in all directions with mixing due to eddy currents (flow
around obstructions, rough surfaces, and sharp turns). and causes increased resistance
Explain the following effects of flow velocity: vessel diameter, and viscosity on the
tendency towards turbulent flow. - CORRECT ANSWERS - increase in velocity causes
increase in turbulence
- increase in vessel diameter causes increase in turbulence
- increase in viscosity causes decrease in turbulence
What is the meaning of viscosity? - CORRECT ANSWERS resistance of a fluid to change
in shape
Explain how vessel diameter, vessel length, and blood viscosity affect the resistance to
blood flow. - CORRECT ANSWERS - As vessel diameter increases, resistance to flood
flow decreases
- As vessel length increases, resistance to blood flow increases
- As blood viscosity increases, resistance to blood flow increases
What is critical closing pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Internal pressure at which a
passive blood vessel collapses and blood flow stops
What are the 3 events of an aortic pressure wave in chronological order? - CORRECT
ANSWERS systolic ejection, diastolic runoff, incisura
Explain systolic ejection during the aortic pressure wave. - CORRECT ANSWERS
systolic ejection: the entire left ventricular stroke volume is emptied into the aorta and
its branches, part of the energy of ventricular contraction provides forward flow during
, PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM
SOLUTION RATED A+
systole, the remainder is used in distending the arterial tree and is stored as potential
energy
Explain diastolic run-off during the aortic pressure wave. - CORRECT ANSWERS the
stored potential energy released by recoil of the aortic wall that propels blood distally
Explain incisura during the aortic pressure wave. - CORRECT ANSWERS a short period
of back flow of blood before the aortic valve closes, this is followed by sudden cessation
of the back flow
What is another name for incisura? - CORRECT ANSWERS dicrotic notch
What is the Windkessel effect? - CORRECT ANSWERS passive contraction after
expansion to maintain constant pressure in arteries
Is MAP the average of SBP and DBP? - CORRECT ANSWERS No, it is determined by 40%
of the SBP and 60% of the DBP. MAP = DBP + (SBP-DBP)/3
How is MAP related to CO and SVR? - CORRECT ANSWERS MAP is the product of CO
and SVR; therefore when one or both, CO and SVR, increase the MAP also increases
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