NUR410 BURNS EXAM QUSTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
functionsrofrskinr-
r✔✔protection,rpreventionrofrfluidrloss,rbodyrtemperaturerregulation,rexcretoryrorgan,rsen
soryrorgan,rvitaminrDrproduction,rdeterminesridentity
Layersrofrskinr-r✔✔epidermis,rdermis,rsubcutaneousrtissue
epidermisr-r✔✔thinrouterrlayer,rdeadrcellsronrsurfacerformrprotectiverbarrier
dermisr-
r✔✔connectivertissue,rhighlyrvascular,rnerve,rsebaceousrglands,rsweatrglands,rpainrass
ociatesrwithrburnsratrthisrlayer
subcutaneousrtissuer-r✔✔attachesrtormusclerandrbone
highestrfatalityrratesrr/trburnsr-
r✔✔<4rorr>65rr/trescapability,rbodyrsurfacerarea,rimmunersystem,rskin
burnrdefinitionr-r✔✔injuryrtortherskin/
otherrtissuesrofrtherbodyrcausedrbyrheat,rchemicals,relectricalrcurrent,rorrradiation
typesrofrburnsr-
r✔✔thermal,rchemical,rsmokerinhalation,relectrical,rradiation,rcoldrthermalr(frostbite)
thermalrburnsr-r✔✔Causedrbyrflame,rflash,rscald,rorrcontactrwithrhotrobjects
Mostrcommonrtyperofrburn
severityrofrinjuryrdependsronrtemperaturerofragentrandrdurationrofrcontactrtime
acidsr-r✔✔hydrochloric:rtile,rtoilet,rpoolrcleaners
hydrofluoric:rmetalrcleaners,rrustrremovers
oxalic:rpaint,rvarnish,rtarnishrremovers
alkalisr-r✔✔cement,roven/drain/heavyrmetalrcleaners
Whatrtyperofrchemicalrburnrisrhardestrtormanager-
r✔✔alkalisrduertorproteinrhydrolysis,rdeeperrpenetrationrofrskin,randrmelting;rcontinuesrto
rcauserdamagerunderrskinrevenrthoughrchemicalrappearsrtorberwashedroff
organicrcompoundsr-r✔✔phenolsr(disinfectants)randrpetroleumrproductsr--
rlongrtermrexposurertorcleaningrproducts
, smokerinhalationrinjuriesr-
r✔✔Fromrbreathingrnoxiousrchemicalsrorrhotrairrcanrcauserdamagertortherrespiratoryrtra
ct
Rapidrinitial/ongoingrassessmentrcriticalr(airwayrcompromiserandrpulmonaryredema)
typesrofrsmokerinhalationrinjuriesr-
r✔✔upperrairway,rlowerrairway,rmetabolicrasphyxiation
Smokerinhalation:rupperrairwayrinjuryr-r✔✔-rinjuryrtormouthrpharynx,randrorrlarynx
-rthermalrburns,rinhalationrofrhotrair,rsteam,randrsmoke
-rmucosalrburnsrofroropharynxrandrlarynxrmanifestedrbyrredness,rblistering,randredema
-rswellingrmayrhaverarrapidronsetr*AIRWAYrEMERGENCY*
-rcouldrintubaterevenrifrstillrtalkingrbeforerswellingrclosesrairways
-rescharrandredemarmayrcompromiserbreathing
-rface/neckrburnsrandredemarcanrberlethal
-rinternalrpressurerfromredemarmayrnarrowrairway
Smokerinhalation:rlowerrairwayrinjuryr-r✔✔-rinjuryrtortrachea,rbronchioles,randralveoli
-rtissuerdamagerr/trdurationrofrexposure
-rpulmonaryredemarmayrnotrappearruntilr12-
48rhoursrafterrtherburnr(mayrmanifestrasrARDS)
Assessmentrforrlowerrairwayrinjuryr-
r✔✔facialrburns,rsingedrnasalrhair,rhoarseness,rpainfulrswallowing,rdarkenedroralrandrna
salrmembranes,rcarbonaceousrsputum,rhistoryrofrbeingrburnedrinrenclosedrspace,rclothi
ngrburnsraroundrneckrandrchest
whatrisrinhaledrinrmetabolicrasphyxiation?r-
r✔✔carbonrmonoxiderandrhydrogenrcyanider(CO2rattachesrtorhemoglobin)
smokerinhalationrinjury:rmetabolicrasphyxiationr-r✔✔-
rimpairsrO2rdeliveryrtortissuesrresultingrin:rhypoxia,relevatedrcarboxyhemoglobinrlevels
-rcanroccurrinrabsencerofrburnrinjury
txrforrelevatedrcarboxyhemoglobinrlevelsr-r✔✔O2rnon-rebreatherrmaskr15L/min
whenrdoesrdeathroccurrinrmetabolicrasphyxiation?r-
r✔✔whenrcarboxyhemoglobinrlevelsr>20%
electricalrburnsr-r✔✔-rresultrfromrintenserheatrgeneratedrfromranrelectricrcurrent
-rmayrresultrinrdirectrdamagertornervesrandrvessels,rcausingrtissueranoxiarandrdeath
severityrofrinjuryrfromrelectricalrburnsrdependronr...r-
r✔✔amountrofrvoltage,rtissuerresistance,rcurrentrpathwaysr(triesrtorfindrground),rsurfacer
arearinrcontactrwithrcurrent,rlengthrofrtimercurrentrflowrwasrsustained