Name: Score:
133 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 133
T/F: The normal microbiota is the same for all humans
True
False
Term 2 of 133
What is an exotoxin?
A toxin that is secreted by bacteria
** most common in gram-positive bacteria, but can appear in gram-negative too
A technique for quickly and easily making many copies of even a very small amount of
DNA
Allows scientists to analyze genetic relatedness by looking at DNA fragmentation
patterns resulting from restriction endonuclease cleavage
Similar to phagocytosis, except it involves destruction of intracellular microorganisms or
their products
Term 3 of 133
Define species
A collection of strains sharing many stable properties and differing significantly from
other groups of strains
A technique for quickly and easily making many copies of even a very small amount of
DNA
Collection of an organism's entire genomic DNA
(Related to transformation)
Technique that makes cell competent to pick up DNA from environment by applying an
electrical shock to it
,Term 4 of 133
What is PCR?
The release of microbial fragments to external environment
Provides means for transferring a gene of interest to a host organism during cloning
process
A technique for quickly and easily making many copies of even a very small amount of
DNA
It is the barrier defenses that prevent pathogens from entering body in first place
Term 5 of 133
What method was developed to overcome issues from microarray analysis?
1. Incubation period: period immediately after pathogen has entered host but before any
symptoms appear
2. Prodromal stage: signs and symptoms begin to appear, but not yet clear enough for
doctors to diagnose problem
3. Illness period: severity of disease reaches its peak and signs and symptoms are clear
enough to be diagnosed
4. Convalescence: signs and symptoms begin to disappear and infected person recovers
Life cycle patterns, growth requirements, habitat preferences, symbiotic relationships,
and pathogenicity
When double-stranded DNA is created from single-stranded RNA
RNA-Seq
,Term 6 of 133
How do tears protect the eye?
Collection of an organism's entire genomic DNA
One that only causes disease under certain conditions
- Mechanical: flushing
- Chemical: contains lysozymes
Low pH levels and secretion of bile and pancreatic juices
Term 7 of 133
Describe Specific Immune Response
A more specific, tailor-made type of immunity that is perfected as an individual grows
older
A technique for quickly and easily making many copies of even a very small amount of
DNA
Upper respiratory tract - kidneys, bladder, ureter
- Infectious: the dose required to infect 50% of the test population within a specified
period of time
** organisms with lower ID50 are more infectious because they can cause disease in
smaller amount of time
- Lethal: dose required to kill 50% of test population within a specified period of time
Term 8 of 133
What is the genitourinary tract?
Upper respiratory tract - kidneys, bladder, ureter
It is the barrier defenses that prevent pathogens from entering body in first place
Ability of a parasite to cause infectious disease
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
, Term 9 of 133
What is the DNA melting temperature?
False; more in females because they have a shorter urethra (allowing a shorter span for
bacteria to travel to bladder)
DNA of interest, primer, DNA polymerase, deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates
Upper respiratory tract - kidneys, bladder, ureter
Temperature at which HALF the strands of double-stranded DNA separate from one
another
Term 10 of 133
What is bioinformatics?
Ability of a parasite to cause infectious disease
Adhesins are cell-surface components that facilitate attachment to host cells
Study of genome using computers
Toxins produced by fungi
133 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 133
T/F: The normal microbiota is the same for all humans
True
False
Term 2 of 133
What is an exotoxin?
A toxin that is secreted by bacteria
** most common in gram-positive bacteria, but can appear in gram-negative too
A technique for quickly and easily making many copies of even a very small amount of
DNA
Allows scientists to analyze genetic relatedness by looking at DNA fragmentation
patterns resulting from restriction endonuclease cleavage
Similar to phagocytosis, except it involves destruction of intracellular microorganisms or
their products
Term 3 of 133
Define species
A collection of strains sharing many stable properties and differing significantly from
other groups of strains
A technique for quickly and easily making many copies of even a very small amount of
DNA
Collection of an organism's entire genomic DNA
(Related to transformation)
Technique that makes cell competent to pick up DNA from environment by applying an
electrical shock to it
,Term 4 of 133
What is PCR?
The release of microbial fragments to external environment
Provides means for transferring a gene of interest to a host organism during cloning
process
A technique for quickly and easily making many copies of even a very small amount of
DNA
It is the barrier defenses that prevent pathogens from entering body in first place
Term 5 of 133
What method was developed to overcome issues from microarray analysis?
1. Incubation period: period immediately after pathogen has entered host but before any
symptoms appear
2. Prodromal stage: signs and symptoms begin to appear, but not yet clear enough for
doctors to diagnose problem
3. Illness period: severity of disease reaches its peak and signs and symptoms are clear
enough to be diagnosed
4. Convalescence: signs and symptoms begin to disappear and infected person recovers
Life cycle patterns, growth requirements, habitat preferences, symbiotic relationships,
and pathogenicity
When double-stranded DNA is created from single-stranded RNA
RNA-Seq
,Term 6 of 133
How do tears protect the eye?
Collection of an organism's entire genomic DNA
One that only causes disease under certain conditions
- Mechanical: flushing
- Chemical: contains lysozymes
Low pH levels and secretion of bile and pancreatic juices
Term 7 of 133
Describe Specific Immune Response
A more specific, tailor-made type of immunity that is perfected as an individual grows
older
A technique for quickly and easily making many copies of even a very small amount of
DNA
Upper respiratory tract - kidneys, bladder, ureter
- Infectious: the dose required to infect 50% of the test population within a specified
period of time
** organisms with lower ID50 are more infectious because they can cause disease in
smaller amount of time
- Lethal: dose required to kill 50% of test population within a specified period of time
Term 8 of 133
What is the genitourinary tract?
Upper respiratory tract - kidneys, bladder, ureter
It is the barrier defenses that prevent pathogens from entering body in first place
Ability of a parasite to cause infectious disease
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
, Term 9 of 133
What is the DNA melting temperature?
False; more in females because they have a shorter urethra (allowing a shorter span for
bacteria to travel to bladder)
DNA of interest, primer, DNA polymerase, deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates
Upper respiratory tract - kidneys, bladder, ureter
Temperature at which HALF the strands of double-stranded DNA separate from one
another
Term 10 of 133
What is bioinformatics?
Ability of a parasite to cause infectious disease
Adhesins are cell-surface components that facilitate attachment to host cells
Study of genome using computers
Toxins produced by fungi
