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Nursing 101 Exam With Actual Questions And Verified Detailed Answers
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Nursing 101 Exam With Actual Questions And VerifiedDetailed Answers 2024-2025
Clinical Judgement - Define The general concept of clinical judgment refers to those
interpretations and inferences that guide actions in clinical practice.
Wholistic view of the patient situation - Answer Clinical judgement is inherently complex
and multifaceted since it is influenced by many factors related to the specific patient
and caregiving situation, and it therefore requires a wholistic view.
Process orientation - Answer Clinical judgment is circular, interactive, and moves fluidly
between and among all of the aspects of the process.
Reasoning and interpretation - Answer Clinical judgment involves reasoning and
interpretation. As described previously, reasoning is the process that leads to clinical
judgments. At least three types of reasoning are used: analytic, intuitive, and narrative.
How Nurses make Judgments - Answer Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, Reflecting
(IRRN)
Clinical Judgement - Answer General clinical judgment refers to interpretations and
inferences that act as guides to action in clinical practice.
Define clinical reasoning by answering Clinical reasoning is the thinking process by
which a nurse reaches a clinical judgment. It is defined as "an iterative process of
noticing, interpreting, and responding-reasoning in transition with a fine attunement to
the patient and how the patient responds to the nurse's actions." Encompassed in
clinical reasoning is the ability to perceive the relevance of scientific evidence and its fit
with the specific patient situation.
Evidence-Based Practice and Clinical Judgment Answer All clinicians are expected to
,utilize the best evidence to inform practice.
Using an interpretivist perspective of clinical judgment and clinical reasoning from the
nursing literature, some of the major defining attributes useful in understanding clinical
judgment are: Answer 1) Holistic view of the patient situation: The process of clinical
judgment is inherently complex and influenced by many factors related to the particular
patient and caregiving situation. It requires a holistic view. The making of excellent
clinical judgments is an act of willingness to consider all aspects entailed in the care of
the patient, including certain characteristics of the nurse; it is much more than simply a
combination of the individual aspects.
2) Process orientation: The clinical judgment is circular, interactive, moving freely
between and among all of the aspects of the process. The nurse uses deep
understanding of the individual patient situation and his or her own background,
experience, and values to make clinical judgments. Patients are unique and the nurses
are unique, bringing different backgrounds to the caregiving situation. Based on these
factors, the nurse notices salient (or relevant) features of a situation and intervenes.
While observing the patient response, the nurse gauges what the next steps are going to
be. The nurse relates the patient outcomes in a way that deepens the insights into the
further care of other patients, after the caregiving situation, using reflection. These
factors are related in continuous and complex ways, and are not linearly related.
3) Reasoning and interpretation: Reasoning and interpretation form an integral part of
clinical judgment. As described earlier, the process that leads to a clinical judgment is
reasoning. At least three types of reasoning are employed: analytic, intuitive, and
narrative. 9 The mode of reasoning employed depends on the particular caregiving
situation and the nurse's prior experience. When the situation is unfamiliar, the nurse
(expert and novice alike) tends to use analytic reasoning processes. Consider the
possibilities and deduce the solution. At other times, in a familiar situation, the expert
nurse determines the appropriate course of action based on the situational cues without
weighing all of the relevant factors.
What are the 4 ways nurses make Clinical judgments? - Answer 1) Noticing
2) Interpreting
3) Responding
4) Reflecting
How Nurses Make Judgments - Answer 1) Notice - Noticing is most often the impetus for
, clinical reasoning and is critical to making an effective judgment to address a patient
issue. Several important factors impact what the nurse notices. In fact, Tanner says that
the precursors behind the nurse's eyes are as important as what is in front. These are:
background of the nurse - which includes intrapersonal characteristics, ethical
grounding for what is right, past experiences, and theoretical knowledge; the
relationship of the nurse with the patient; and the context of care. For more detail about
these precursors to noting,
2.) Interpret- The nurse begins, with the patient information specific and pertinent
theoretical and experiential knowledge, to put together a pattern that makes sense. To
the expert nurse, some data are more important than others in relation to the patient.
For example, in the long term, a patient's age and renal status may well influence the
nurse's clinical judgment in the use of ibuprofen for pain relief despite the fact that it
may be ordered. Such a determination will need reasoning on the part of the nurse.
3) Respond - After the patient data have been processed and interpreted, the nurse
uses his or her interpretation to respond to the particular patient issue through one or
more nursing interventions. Depending on the level of expertise, the nurse may or may
not be able to judge the effectiveness of the intervention before initiating it. For
example, the nurse may know that an opioid medication ordered will be effective to help
the newly admitted postoperative patient who is reporting a pain level of 8 out of 10. The
nurse may not know, however, what dose will be effective or the level to which it will
reduce the patient's pain. The nurse's prior experience with and knowledge regarding
the pain medication's effects will initially guide the dosag
Clinical Judgment and Interrelated Concepts - Answer Patient Education, Professional
Identity, Care Coordination, Leadership, Safety, Health Care Quality, Evidence
Chain of Infection - Answer The presence of a pathogen does not mean an infection will
occur. An infection happens in a cycle dependent upon the presence of all of the
following:
Infectious agent or pathogen: Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
protozoa. Skin microorganisms are either resident or transient flora. Resident
organisms are the normal flora and, as such, have permanent residence on the skin as
well as in the body, where they exist and multiply with no effects from sickness disease.
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