PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM
SOLUTION RATED A+
How does velocity relate to cross sectional area in vessels? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Inversely proportional velocity = 1/cross sectional area,
capillaries have the highest cross sectional and surface area
What component of circulation serve as a blood reservoir? - CORRECT
ANSWERS veins
What component of circulation are most distensible(dilated)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Veins
What does distensible mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS the ability to be
distended, extended, or dilated
What component of circulation contains smooth muscle capable of dilating
and constricting to alter flow or pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Arterioles: constriction increases arterial pressure but decreases capillary
and venous pressure
veins: constriction increases venous return (frank starling)
What component of circulation contains no smooth muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Capillaries
What component of circulation accounts for the highest degree of
resistance flow? - CORRECT ANSWERS Arterioles
What component of circulation accounts for about 2/3 of SVR? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Arterioles
What component of circulation allows exchange between fluid and solutes
between blood and interstitial fluid? - CORRECT ANSWERS Capillaries
,PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM
SOLUTION RATED A+
How is arterial pressure regulated? - CORRECT ANSWERS by neuronal and
hormonal impulses, independently of local blood flow and cardiac output,
varies between a systolic value (120 mmHg) and diastolic value (80
mmHg)
What is mean arterial pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS the average arterial
pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures (increases or
decreases) with the distance from the heart in the large arteries. -
CORRECT ANSWERS increases.
Compare laminar vs. turbulent flow - CORRECT ANSWERS - Laminar flow
is a streamline flow where each layer of blood remains at the same distance
from the wall. The central portion of blood stays in the center and has the
highest velocity.
- Turbulent flow is flow of blood in all directions with mixing due to eddy
currents (flow around obstructions, rough surfaces, and sharp turns). and
causes increased resistance
Explain the following effects of flow velocity: vessel diameter, and viscosity
on the tendency towards turbulent flow. - CORRECT ANSWERS - increase
in velocity causes increase in turbulence
- increase in vessel diameter causes increase in turbulence
- increase in viscosity causes decrease in turbulence
What is the meaning of viscosity? - CORRECT ANSWERS resistance of a
fluid to change in shape
Explain how vessel diameter, vessel length, and blood viscosity affect the
resistance to blood flow. - CORRECT ANSWERS - As vessel diameter
increases, resistance to flood flow decreases
,PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM
SOLUTION RATED A+
- As vessel length increases, resistance to blood flow increases
- As blood viscosity increases, resistance to blood flow increases
What is critical closing pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Internal pressure
at which a passive blood vessel collapses and blood flow stops
What are the 3 events of an aortic pressure wave in chronological order? -
CORRECT ANSWERS systolic ejection, diastolic runoff, incisura
Explain systolic ejection during the aortic pressure wave. - CORRECT
ANSWERS systolic ejection: the entire left ventricular stroke volume is
emptied into the aorta and its branches, part of the energy of ventricular
contraction provides forward flow during systole, the remainder is used in
distending the arterial tree and is stored as potential energy
Explain diastolic run-off during the aortic pressure wave. - CORRECT
ANSWERS the stored potential energy released by recoil of the aortic wall
that propels blood distally
Explain incisura during the aortic pressure wave. - CORRECT ANSWERS a
short period of back flow of blood before the aortic valve closes, this is
followed by sudden cessation of the back flow
What is another name for incisura? - CORRECT ANSWERS dicrotic notch
What is the Windkessel effect? - CORRECT ANSWERS passive contraction
after expansion to maintain constant pressure in arteries
, PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST EXAM
SOLUTION RATED A+
MAP - CORRECT ANSWERS mean arterial pressure
SBP - CORRECT ANSWERS systolic blood pressure
DBP - CORRECT ANSWERS diastolic blood pressure
PP - CORRECT ANSWERS pulse pressure
Is MAP the average of SBP and DBP? - CORRECT ANSWERS No, it is
determined by 40% of the SBP and 60% of the DBP. MAP = DBP + (SBP-
DBP)/3
How is MAP related to CO and SVR? - CORRECT ANSWERS MAP is the
product of CO and SVR; therefore when one or both, CO and SVR, increase
the MAP also increases
What is PP? - CORRECT ANSWERS difference between systolic and
diastolic pressure
How does PP change going from aortic branches to smaller peripheral
arteries? - CORRECT ANSWERS PP increases going from aortic branches to
smaller peripheral arteries (systolic pressure increases and diastolic
pressure decreases)
How does MAP change going from aortic branches to smaller peripheral
arteries? - CORRECT ANSWERS MAP decreases from aorta to small
arteries but only slightly
How is PP evaluated? - CORRECT ANSWERS SBP - DBP
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