Advanced Pathophysiology NURS 5350
Exam 1 Units 1-4
What are the two major classes of living cells? - correct answer Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What is a Prokaryote cell? - correct answer Characterized by a LACK of distinct nucleus.
What are examples of Prokaryotes? - correct answer Cyanbacteria, Bacteria, and Rickettsiae.
What is a Eukaryote cell? - correct answer Cells WITH A WELL-DEFINED NUCLEUS and
membrane bound organelles.
What are examples of Eukaroytes? - correct answer Higher animals, Plants, Fungi, and
Protozoa.
What are the cellular functions? - correct answer movement, conductivity, metabolic
absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, communication.
What are the three general components of Eukaroytes? - correct answer Plasma Membrane,
Cytoplasma, and Intracellular organelles.
What is the function of the nucleus in Eukaryotic cells? - correct answer Cell division and
control of genetic information.
What is the function of the cytoplamsa in Eukaroytic cell? - correct answer EGG WHITE
Fills the space between the nucleus and cell membrane.
Transports waste, metabolic processes, motility, and storage.
Function of the Ribsomes in Eukaryotic cell? - correct answer Synthesizes proteins and
signaling.
,Advanced Pathophysiology NURS 5350
Exam 1 Units 1-4
Function of the endoplasmic reticulum in Eukaroytic cell? - correct answer Protein synthesis
and senses cellular stress.
Function of the Mitochondria in Eukaroytic cell? - correct answer Power stations that produce
energy.
Function of the golgi complex in Eukaroytic cell? - correct answer Refining plant
Directs traffic especially transports proteins in and out of the cell.
Function of lysomes in Eukaroytic cell? - correct answer PAC MAN
Eat anything in front of it, digestion, and nutrient signaling.
What are peroxisomes? (Cellular parts) - correct answer Major sites of oxygen utilization and
help nerve myelination.
What is the Cytsol? (Cellular Parts) - correct answer 55% cell volume, storage, and metabolizes
enzymes.
What is the cytoskeleto? (Cell parts) - correct answer The bones and muscles of the cell.
Maintains cell shape, movement in and around cell.
What is the plamsa membrane? (Cell Parts) - correct answer Encases the cell, has transport
systems, cell to cell recognition, and allows lipids to leave and transport things on hormones.
Which cell has a polar end and non-polar end? - correct answer Eukaryotic cells.
,Advanced Pathophysiology NURS 5350
Exam 1 Units 1-4
Membrane composition of Eukaroytic cells/higher cells? - correct answer Made up of
PROTEINS.
Made from a chain of amino acids known as POLYPEPTIDES.
"WORKHORSES" of the cell.
Functions: Receptors, transporters, enzymes, surface markers, adhesion molecules, and
catalysts.
What is the proteolytic cascade with Eukaroytic cells? - correct answer How proteins
breakdown and move.
Tightly orchestrated sequence of events that cause the breakdown of protein.
What is Apoptosis with Eukaroytic cells? - correct answer Pre-programmed cell death.
Every cell has an expiration date.
RBCs 90 day expiration.
What are the cellular receptors with Eukaroytic cells? - correct answer Protein molecules on
the plasma membrane, in cytoplasma, or in nucleus.
Plasma membrane receptors: Make availability for membranes (EGG CARTON)
Ligands: (BROKEN EGG STUCK IN CARTON): determine how cells bind or signals not to bind in
surface or cell.
What are the three mechanisms that bind cells together? - correct answer Extracellular matrix,
cell adhesion cells, and specialized cell junctions.
, Advanced Pathophysiology NURS 5350
Exam 1 Units 1-4
What is the extracellular matrix and what are examples? - correct answer Mesh of fibrous
proteins: fibroblasts, hyaluronic acid, collagen (watery gel-like substance in complex carbs.
These regulate cell growth movement, and differentiation.
Extracellular matrix and basement membranes? - correct answer (BASAL LAMINA) Lies
beneath epithelial cells, surrounds individual cells, muscles, fat.
Fat cells sticking together in basal lamina is why you don't lose cellulite.
Surface proteins that bind to adjacent cells.
EX: Immunoglobulin (Ig) Superfamiy. - correct answer Adhesion cells or cell adhesion
molecules.
Hold cells together (Epithelial cells and has special kinds of CHEMICAL connections. - correct
answer Specialized Cell Junctions
Signal transduction: First messengers? - correct answer Signals one way (Conveys instructions
to cells interior).
Signal transduction: Second messengers? - correct answer Signals two ways.
(Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and Calcium (Ca)
What are the two main processes associated with cellular metabolism? And why? - correct
answer Anabolism and Catabolism.
Provides the cell with energy.
