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Samenvatting - Structuurchemie

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Samenvatting d.m.v. aantekeningen per les

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  • September 21, 2024
  • 14
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
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Structuurchemie
Samenvatting

, Les 1
Bohr model
o Negatief geladen elektronen worden aangetrokken door een positief
geladen nucleus
o Elektronen bevinden zich in vaste cirkelvormige banen rond de kern 
orbits
o Dit model is een erg eenzijdig model dat niet alle experimentele
waarnemingen kan verklaren.

Schrödinger model
o Kan meer observaties verklaren
o Gebruikt golffuncties; wiskundige vergelijkingen die beschrijven waar de
grootste kans is om elektronen te vinden  elektronendichtheid
o Hoe hoger de elektronendichtheid, des te groter de kans is
o Elektronen bevinden zich in “wolken” met verschillende vormen en maten
 orbitalen
o De elektronen bevinden zich ook hier op verschillende afstanden van de
nucleus  schillen; n = 1, 2, 3 etc.
o De schillen kunnen in dit model onderverdeeld worden in sub-schillen;
geven de vorm van de wolk weer
o 4 soorten wolken L = ;
1) 0 (s)
2) 1 (p)
3) 2 (d)
4) 3 (f)
o Orbitalen kunnen zich op verschillende manieren oriënteren in de ruimte
rondom de nucleus  m1

S – orbital
o bolvormige wolk  S = Sphere
o Tekenen als ballon; zodanig dat 90% van de tijd de elektron in de ballon zit
en 10% van de tijd zou die erbuiten kunnen zitten.
o 1s = n1  1e schil
o 2s = n2  2e schil  verder van de nucleus

P – orbital
o Drie verschillende oriëntaties;
1) M1 = -1
2) M1 = 0
3) M1 = +1
o Of x , y en z
o Boven of onder nucleus, links of rechts, voor of achter

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