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Samenvatting en lesnotities Mens en Samenleving.

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Dit document bevat zowel de lesnotities en de extra documenten uit de les. De bespreking staat erbij en de verwijzing naar de powerpoints. Daarnaast is het ook een samenvatting van het boek. Duidelijke inhoudstafel, gebruik gemaakt van dezelfde afbeelden uit het boek voor extra uitleg. Met d...

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  • September 21, 2024
  • 93
  • 2023/2024
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SAMENVATTING MENS EN
SAMENLEVING
1ste bachelor handelswetenschappen



Academiejaar 2022 – 2023




Sen Fonteyn

,1 INHOUD

2 Les 1: Motivatie (psychologie) ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Definitie ................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.3 enkele theorieën omtrent motivatie doorheen de tijd ......................................................................... 6
2.3.1 The Principles of scientific management – frederick winslow taylor .......................................... 6
2.3.2 X-Y Theorie – Douglas McGregor (1960) ...................................................................................... 7
2.3.3 Behoeftetheorieën ........................................................................................................................ 8
2.3.4 Procestheorie – hoe werken motivatiemechanismen? .............................................................. 13
2.3.5 Zelfdeterminatietheorie van Deci en Ryan ................................................................................. 14
3 Les 2: Emoties (psychologie) ......................................................................................................................... 16
3.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Emoties – moods – affect .................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 Cruciale eigenschappen van emoties.................................................................................................. 18
3.3.1 Wat zijn emoties? ....................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.2 Gevoelde emoties vs. getoonde emoties ................................................................................... 20
3.4 Typologie van emoties ......................................................................................................................... 20
3.4.1 Circumplexe model van emoties................................................................................................. 21
3.5 Emotionele intelligentie (EI) – Daniel Goleman (1995)....................................................................... 21
3.5.1 Street level bureaucrats en EI ..................................................................................................... 22
3.6 Emotionele beïnvloeding of emotionele besmetting .......................................................................... 23
3.7 Emotional labor of emotionele arbeid ................................................................................................ 23
3.8 Emoties neerschrijven of labeling ....................................................................................................... 24
3.9 Emoties en ondernemerschap: ‘if you’re happy , don’t always show it’ – een Onderzoek warnick & co
25
4 Les 3: Perceptie, attributie en rationeel denken (psychologie) .................................................................... 26
4.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 26
4.2 Perceptie.............................................................................................................................................. 27
4.2.1 Percepties kunnen verschillen .................................................................................................... 28
4.3 Hoe wordt gepercipieerde informatie verwerkt?............................................................................... 30
4.4 Attributie ............................................................................................................................................. 31
4.4.1 Causale attributies ...................................................................................................................... 31
4.5 Selffulfilling prophecy .......................................................................................................................... 33
4.6 Rationeel denken – nemen mensen rationele beslissingen?.............................................................. 33
5 Les 4: Persoonlijkheid (psychologie) ............................................................................................................. 35
5.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 35
5.2 Persoonlijkheidstrekken (‘traits’) ........................................................................................................ 35

1

, 5.3 BIG 5 – een meetschaal om persoonlijkheid te meten ....................................................................... 36
5.3.1 (1) Extraversie vs. introvertie ...................................................................................................... 36
5.3.2 (2) Vriendelijkheid vs. onvriendelijkheid .................................................................................... 36
5.3.3 (3) Emotionele stabiliteit vs. emotionele onstabiliteit................................................................ 37
5.3.4 (4) Consciëntieusheid vs. Chaotisch ............................................................................................ 37
5.3.5 (5) Openheid voor ervaringen vs. geslotenheid.......................................................................... 37
5.4 Voorbeelden in de context van arbeidsmarktbeleid ........................................................................... 38
5.4.1 Voorbeeld 1 – welzijn van werklozen ........................................................................................ 38
5.4.2 Voorbeeld 2 – persoonlijkheid en muzieksmaak ....................................................................... 39
5.4.3 Voorbeeld 3 – succes en emotionele stabiliteit ......................................................................... 39
5.5 Meten van persoonlijkheid .................................................................................................................. 40
5.6 Persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling of verandering ..................................................................................... 40
6 Les 5: Mentaal welzijn en gezondheid (psychologie) .................................................................................... 41
6.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 41
6.1.1 Trend in arbeidswereld 2022 ...................................................................................................... 41
6.2 Bevindingen uit onderzoek over Arbeids- en gezondheidspsychologie en hrm .................................. 42
6.3 Mentale gezondheid op het werk in de brede zin te bestuderen ....................................................... 42
6.3.1 Mutual gains of conflicting outcomes? ....................................................................................... 42
6.4 Veranderingen in organisaties op verschillende gebieden .................................................................. 43
6.4.1 verandering in organisaties met betrekking tot welzijn en gezondheid .................................... 43
6.4.2 Verandering op het vlak van de inhoud van werk ..................................................................... 44
6.4.3 Het psychologisch contract komt onder druk te staan – Schaufeli ........................................... 44
6.5 stress.................................................................................................................................................... 44
6.5.1 Traumatische stressoren............................................................................................................. 45
6.5.2 Stress op het werk ...................................................................................................................... 46
6.6 Burnout ................................................................................................................................................ 46
6.7 Work engagement of bevlogenheid .................................................................................................... 47
6.8 Bore out ............................................................................................................................................... 48
6.9 Waarom bureaucratie ons ongelukkig maakt – een getuigenis van Ugent@work ............................. 48
6.10 Positieve psychologie .......................................................................................................................... 49
6.11 Recente trends binnen organisaties .................................................................................................... 49
6.12 Voorbeeldexamenvraag ...................................................................................................................... 49
7 Les 6: Cultuur (sociologie) ............................................................................................................................. 50
7.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 50
7.2 Sociologie en cultuur – Cultuur als sociologisch concept .................................................................... 50
7.2.1 Normen, verwachtingen, waarden en doelen ............................................................................ 50
7.3 Cultuurverschillen tussen regio’s en landen ........................................................................................ 51

2

, 7.3.1 Landen en regio’s met elkaar vergelijken op vlak van cultuur – Geert hofstede ....................... 52
7.4 Cultuur binnen organisaties: Concept van organisatiecultuur ........................................................... 55
7.4.1 Organisatiecultuur ...................................................................................................................... 56
7.4.2 quinn ........................................................................................................................................... 56
7.5 Culturele verschillen in leiderschapsstijlen ......................................................................................... 57
7.5.1 Erin Meyer................................................................................................................................... 57
7.6 Emotional Culture ................................................................................................................................ 57
7.6.1 Negatieve emoties/ angstcultuur/psych veiligheid .................................................................... 58
7.7 Speak up! ............................................................................................................................................. 58
8 Les 7: Leren en werk (sociologie) .................................................................................................................. 59
8.1 Uitdagingen ......................................................................................................................................... 59
8.1.1 Uitdaging 1: Jobs verdwijnen… ................................................................................................... 59
8.1.2 Uitdaging 2: Oudere werknemers op de arbeidsmarkt .............................................................. 59
8.1.3 Uitdaging 3: Mismatch tussen vraag en aanbod arbeidsmarkt .................................................. 60
8.2 Levenslang leren in vlaanderen ........................................................................................................... 61
8.3 Waarom geen opleiding?..................................................................................................................... 62
8.3.1 Mattheuseffect ........................................................................................................................... 63
8.3.2 De impact van opleiding ............................................................................................................. 63
8.3.3 Lifelong learning (oecd) .............................................................................................................. 64
8.4 Duurzame inzetbaarheid ..................................................................................................................... 64
8.4.1 (1) Vitaliteit ................................................................................................................................. 64
8.4.2 (2) Werkvermogen ...................................................................................................................... 64
8.4.3 (3) Employability ......................................................................................................................... 65
8.5 Leren in vuca tijden – fons leroy .......................................................................................................... 66
8.5.1 VUCA-‘drivers’ ............................................................................................................................. 66
8.5.2 Impact op de arbeidsmarkt ......................................................................................................... 67
8.5.3 Skills offensief ............................................................................................................................. 67
8.6 Aangepaste beleidskaders: OESO Skills Strategie Vlaanderen ............................................................ 68
9 Les 8: Sociale ongelijkheid (sociologie) ......................................................................................................... 69
9.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 69
9.2 Sociale ongelijkheid: Verschillen ......................................................................................................... 69
9.3 sociale ongelijkheid: impact ................................................................................................................ 70
9.3.1 Wilkinson: de impact van inkomensongelijkheid ....................................................................... 70
9.4 Sociale ongelijkheid – de verschillende soorten ................................................................................. 71
9.4.1 Sociale stratificatie ...................................................................................................................... 71
9.5 Sociale klassen ..................................................................................................................................... 72
9.6 Beroepen en hiërarchie ....................................................................................................................... 72

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