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AAOS EMT (Chapter 10) Patient Assessment Exam Questions and Answers
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AAOS EMT (Chapter 10) Patient Assessment Exam Questions and Answers
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AAOS EMT (Chapter 10) PatientAssessment Exam Questions and
Answers
Accessory Muscles - Answer -The secondary muscles of respiration. They include the
neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids), the chest pectorals major muscles, and the
abdominal muscles.
Altered Mental Status - Answer -A change in the way a person thinks and behaves that
may signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body.
Auscultate - Answer -To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope.
AVPU Scale - Answer -A method of assessing the level of consciousness by
determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli or pain,
or unresponsive; used principally early in the assessment process.
Blood Pressure - Answer -The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the
arteries as it passes through them.
Bradycardia - Answer -A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute.
Breath Sounds - Answer -An indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed
with a stethoscope.
Capillary Refill - Answer -A test that evaluates distal circulatory system function by
squeezing (blanching) blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of
its return after releasing the pressure.
Capnography - Answer -A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide
information on a patient's ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism; effectively
measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air over time.
Carbon Dioxide - Answer -A component of air that typically makes up 0.03% of air at
sea level; also a waste product exhaled during expiration by the respiratory system.
Chief Complaint - Answer -The reason a patient called for help; also, the patient's
response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?"
, Conjunctiva - Answer -The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the
exposed surface of the eye.
Crackles - Answer -A crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces
of the lungs.
Crepitus - Answer -A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or
joints rubbing together.
Cyanosis - Answer -A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of
oxygen in the blood.
DCAP-BTLS - Answer -A mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is
evaluated for Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/Penetrations, Burns,
Tenderness, Lacerations, and Swelling.
Diaphoretic - Answer -Characterized by light or profuse sweating.
Diastolic Pressure - Answer -The pressure that remains in the arteries during the
relaxing phase of the hearts cycle (diastole) when the left ventricle is at rest.
Distracting Injury - Answer -Any injury that prevents the patient from noticing other
injuries he or she may have, even severe injuries; for example, a painful femur or tibia
fracture that prevents the patient from noticing back pain associated with a spinal
fracture.
Field Impression - Answer -The conclusion about the cause of the patient's condition
after considering the situation, history, and examination findings.
Focused Assessment - Answer -A type of physical assessment typically performed on
patients who have sustained nonsignificant mechanisms of injury or on responsive
medical patients. This type of examination is based on the chief complaint and focuses
on one body system or part.
Frostbite - Answer -Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen or
partially frozen body parts are frostbitten.
General Impression - Answer -The overall initial impression that determines the priority
for patient care; based on the patient's surroundings, the mechanism of injury, signs and
symptoms, and the chief complaint.
Golden Hour - Answer -The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of
shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best; also called
the Golden Period.
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