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PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 RASMUSSEN NEWEST 2024
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PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 RASMUSSEN NEWEST 2024ACTUAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Define agonist - ANSWER: drugs that produce a response
Define anatagonist - ANSWER: drugs that prevent or block a response
What is half life? - ANSWER: The time it takes for one half of the drug concentration
to be eliminated from the body is
What is the therapeutic window? - ANSWER: level of the drug between minimal
effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug response and the
minimal toxic concentration
What is St.John's wort used for? - ANSWER: Depression
What is ginseng used for? - ANSWER: stress relief, digestion, increasing energy
What is hawthorn used for? - ANSWER: Heart disease
Digestive issues
Kidney disease
Five Rights of Medication Administration - ANSWER: • Right Drug
• Right Amount
• Right Route
• Right Time
• Right Person
What system triggers fight or flight? - ANSWER: Sympathetic
What s are the neurotransmitters for the sympathetic system? - ANSWER: -
dopamine
-epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
Sympathetic system is AKA? - ANSWER: Adrenergic System
What sx occur in fight or flight? - ANSWER: - Bronchioles dilate
- Blood vessels constrict
- GI slows
- Increase blood glucose
- Bladder/Uterine RELAXES
- Increased HR/RR/BP * Tachycardia
,- Pupils dilate
- saliva glands decrease *Dry mouth
- OPENS--> BREATH
Define Preganglia: - ANSWER: - Cholinergic fibers
- acetylcholine
define postganglionic: - ANSWER: - adrenergic fibers
- norepinephrine
What does norepinephrine do? - ANSWER: -helps control alertness and arousal (like
waking up); undersupply can lead to depressed mood
- act on beta/alpha receptors
What are catecholamines? - ANSWER: epinephrine and norepinephrine
- doesn't go through the ganglia
- goes straight to stimulate adrenal glands
Define adnergicagonist: - ANSWER: stimulates the sympathetic system
Define adenergicantagonist: - ANSWER: blocks the sympathetic system
What system trigger rest or digest? - ANSWER: Parasympathetic
Define betaagonist: - ANSWER: Cause effects of the sympathetic system
- Bronchodialation
- Breath better
Define betantagonist: - ANSWER: Beta blocker = propanolol
- end in "olol"
- Decreases HR
- stimulate liver = glycogen lysis
- increase blood glucose
- Slow GI mobility
- Relax bladder/uterus
- sweating
Beta blockers common side effects - ANSWER: - fatigue
- weakness
- bradycardia
- CHF
- pulmonary edema
list some beta blockers - ANSWER: - Atenolol
- Metoprolol
- Propranolol
, What are some nursing interventions of beta blockers? - ANSWER: - Obtain BP/HR
before administering
- Hold if SBP <90; <60
- Change position slowly in elderly to prevent orthostatic changes
- CONTRADICTED IN: worsening CHF/bradycardia of heart block
- CAUTION: DM/liver disease
Parasympathetic system is known as? - ANSWER: Rest and digest
Pre/Post ganglia fibers are made of_______ and produce ________ a
neurotransmitter? - ANSWER: - cholinergic fibers
- acetylcholine
What signs indicate it is the parasympathetic symptom? How is the body affected? -
ANSWER: - Pupils constrict
- Increase saliva
- Decrease HR/BP
- Bronchioles constrict
- Increase GI motility
- Bladder contaction
- UNDERLYING URINE ISSUE
Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system are called? - ANSWER: -
adrenergic agonists
- adrenergics
- sympathomimetics
WHY: Mimic the sympathetic nervous system
Adrengeric Agonist does?
WHY - ANSWER: Stimulates the SNS
releases norepinephrine
WHY: Death/Shock; decreases BP; Severe bronchoconstriction (anaphylaxis)
SAVES LIFE
How does dopamine affect the body? - ANSWER: Increases BP/Cardiac
acts on beta/alpha receptors to increase renal perfusion.
Another name for norepinephrine is? - ANSWER: Levophed
How does norepinephrine affect the heart? - ANSWER: Increases BP
How does epinephrine work in the body? - ANSWER: opening the airways to reduce
breathing difficulties and
narrowing the blood vessels to combat low blood pressure and to ease the faint
feelings.
WHY: anaphylaxis shock
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