Exam (elaborations)
2024 NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES TOPIC 2 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES TOPIC 2 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGICALPRINCIPLES TOPIC 2 EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is a drug? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAny chemical that affects the
physiological processes of a living organism
When does toxicity occur? - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhen peak blood level of
the drug is too high
What is therapeutic drug monitoring? - CORRECT-ANSWERSUsed to monitor
peak/trough and minimize drug toxicity
What are pharmacodynamics? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe study of what the
drug does to the body
What is a therapeutic effect? - CORRECT-ANSWERSA positive effect on faulty
physiology (the goal of drug therapy)
What is the mechanism of action? - CORRECT-ANSWERSModified cell or
tissue function
What are receptor interactions? - CORRECT-ANSWERSDrug-receptor binding
What are enzyme interactions? - CORRECT-ANSWERSDrug-enzyme binding
What are nonselective interactions? - CORRECT-ANSWERSDisrupt cell
process in various ways
What are pharmacogenomics/genetics? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe study of
genetic basis for variations in the body's response to drugs
What are pharmacotherapeutics? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe clinical use of
drugs to prevent and treat diseases
What are contraindications - CORRECT-ANSWERSA situation or factor that
makes some treatments inadvisable because it may harm the person (ex.
pregnancy)
, What are the different types of drug therapy? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAcute,
maintenance, supplemental, palliative, supportive, prophylactic, empirical
What is acute drug therapy for? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAcute illness
What is maintenance drug therapy for? - CORRECT-ANSWERSChronic disease
maintenance
What is palliative drug therapy? - CORRECT-ANSWERSComfort measures
What is supportive drug therapy for? - CORRECT-ANSWERSMaintain the
integrity of body functions (ex. fluid/electrolytes)
What is prophylactic drug therapy for? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSvacines/antibiotics to prevent infections before they
begin (ex. before surgery)
What is empirical drug therapy? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAntibiotics used before
a culture test
What are adverse effects? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPredictable undesired effects
What are toxic effects? - CORRECT-ANSWERSUndesirable effects due to over
abundance of drug
What is a therapeutic index? - CORRECT-ANSWERSRatio of toxic level to
therapeutic level
What is drug tolerance? - CORRECT-ANSWERSDecreasing response to
repeated drug doses
What is physical drug dependence? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPhysiological need
for a drug to avoid physical drug withdrawal symptoms
What is psychological drug dependence? - CORRECT-ANSWERSObsessive
desire for a drug (addiction)
What are drug interactions? - CORRECT-ANSWERSOne drug modifies the
action of another
What are additive effects? - CORRECT-ANSWERSTotal effect of both
medications taken
What are synergistic effects? - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhen the combined
action of both drugs is greater than both, one enhances the other
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